Why peacebuilding is condemned to fail if it ignores ethnicization. The case of Colombia
Why peacebuilding is condemned to fail if it ignores ethnicization. The case of Colombia
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为什么建设和平如果忽视种族化就注定会失败。
DOI：
10.1080/21647259.2022.2128583
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
María Cárdenas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
María Cárdenas
摘要最近对自由主义和平范式的批评提高了人们对和平建设和研究中种族沉默和殖民主义的认识。在哥伦比亚的民族志研究，本文认为，民族化，武装冲突和建设和平之间的相互作用不仅是相关的所谓的种族冲突，但更普遍的后殖民冲突的设置。为了证明这一点，我首先表明，族裔化是武装冲突及其领土扩张的关键驱动力。然后，我讨论了两个建设和平的尝试，1991年的宪法和2016年的和平协议，如何处理种族化。研究结果表明，忽视族裔化和冲突之间的相互作用减少了他们的成功。相比之下，在建设和平中接受族裔（化）机构使后殖民暴力变得明显，使其使用非法化，并使冲突转化成为可能。哥伦比亚的情况表明了其他情况，因为它表明，如果冲突、变革和民主的殖民主义基础得不到解决，和平就不可能实现。
ABSTRACT Recent criticism of the liberal peace paradigm has raised awareness about racial silence and coloniality in peacebuilding and research. Drawing on ethnographic research in Colombia, this article argues that the interaction between ethnicization, armed conflict, and peacebuilding is relevant not only to so-called ethnic conflicts but to postcolonial conflict settings more generally. To demonstrate this, I first show that ethnicization is a key driver of armed conflict and its territorial expansion. I then discuss how two peacebuilding attempts, the constitution of 1991 and the peace agreement of 2016, dealt with ethnicization. Findings demonstrate that overlooking the interaction between ethnicization and conflict diminished their success. In contrast, embracing ethnic(ized) agency in peacebuilding made visible postcolonial violence, delegitimized its use, and enabled conflict transformation. The Colombian case is indicative of other contexts because it shows that peace cannot be achieved if the colonial fundaments of conflict transformation and democracy remain unaddressed.