Opportunities and Challenges of Peer-to-Peer Internet Video Broadcast
Opportunities and Challenges of Peer-to-Peer Internet Video Broadcast
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DOI：
10.1109/jproc.2007.909921
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发表时间：
2008-01
影响因子：
20.6
通讯作者：
Jiangchuan Liu;Sanjay G. Rao;Bo Li;Hui Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jiangchuan Liu;Sanjay G. Rao;Bo Li;Hui Zhang
在过去的二十年里，人们在支持实时视频流方面做出了巨大的努力和许多技术创新，但具有成本效益的大规模视频广播仍然是一个难以实现的目标。Internet协议（IP）多播代表了解决这个问题的早期尝试，但是由于考虑到可伸缩性、部署和对高级功能的支持而失败。近年来，基于点对点的广播已成为一种很有前途的技术，它已被证明具有成本效益和易于部署的特点。这种新范式带来了许多独特的优势，例如可伸缩性、弹性以及在处理动态和异构性方面的有效性。虽然文件下载和ip语音等点对点应用已经获得了极大的普及，但视频广播仍处于早期阶段，其全部潜力仍有待观察。本文综述了点对点网络视频广播技术的发展现状。我们描述了点对点广播的基本分类，并总结了与广播覆盖设计相关的主要问题。我们仔细研究了两种方法——基于树的和数据驱动的——并讨论了它们的基本权衡和大规模部署的潜力。最后，我们概述了主要挑战和开放的问题，并强调了未来方向的可能途径。
There have been tremendous efforts and many technical innovations in supporting real-time video streaming in the past two decades, but cost-effective large-scale video broadcast has remained an elusive goal. Internet protocol (IP) multicast represented an earlier attempt to tackle this problem but failed largely due to concerns regarding scalability, deployment, and support for higher level functionality. Recently, peer-to-peer based broadcast has emerged as a promising technique, which has been shown to be cost effective and easy to deploy. This new paradigm brings a number of unique advantages such as scalability, resilience, and effectiveness in coping with dynamics and heterogeneity. While peer-to-peer applications such as file download and voice-over-IP have gained tremendous popularity, video broadcast is still in its early stages, and its full potential remains to be seen. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of peer-to-peer Internet video broadcast technologies. We describe the basic taxonomy of peer-to-peer broadcast and summarize the major issues associated with the design of broadcast overlays. We closely examine two approaches - tree-based and data-driven - and discuss their fundamental tradeoff and potential for large-scale deployment. Lastly, we outline the key challenges and open problems and highlight possible avenues for future directions.