Does Occupational Training by the Trade Adjustment Assistance Program Really Help Reemployment? Success Measured as Occupation Matching
Does Occupational Training by the Trade Adjustment Assistance Program Really Help Reemployment? Success Measured as Occupation Matching
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贸易调整援助计划职业培训真的有助于再就业吗？
DOI：
10.1111/roie.12009
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jooyoung Park
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jooyoung Park
贸易调整援助(TAA)计划是美国劳工部设立的一项失业工人计划，旨在降低因进口竞争而失去工作的工人的调整成本。该方案提供职业技能培训和再就业服务。本文考察了通过职业技能培训成功获得技能对参与后的劳动力市场结果的影响，如工资替代率、参与后的收入和保留率。我使用培训职业和进入就业的职业之间的匹配作为通过培训成功获得技能的指标。本研究使用的数据集是《贸易法参与者报告》(TAPR)，并通过《信息自由法》获得。数据集显示，职业技能实习生的匹配率为37.53%。匹配在提高工资替代率方面很重要。匹配的受训者的工资替代率比不匹配的受训者高2至3个百分点。没有匹配的受训人员的工资替代率低于非受训人员。这可能是因为他们的技能集更有限，导致他们一开始就参加了培训。成功的技能习得--通过匹配来表明--远远弥补了受训者的这一劣势。参加比赛和不参加比赛的受训者在参加比赛后的收入是相同的。工资替代率和参与后收入的结果共同表明，尽管由于个人特征，匹配的受训人员在参加培训之前的收入较低，但通过培训获得成功的技能使这两组受训人员的收入持平。这些结果表明，如果将更多的资源分配到彻底的工人评估/咨询和良好利用当地劳动力市场信息上，TAA计划的职业选择和培训提供可能会更有成效。
The Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) Program is a dislocated worker program established by the U.S. Department of Labor to reduce the adjustment cost of workers displaced due to import competition. The program offers occupational skills training and reemployment services. This paper investigates the impacts of successful skill acquisition through occupational skills training on post-participation labor market outcomes such as wage replacement rates, post-participation earnings, and retention rates. I use matching between the occupations of training and entered employment as an indicator of successful skill acquisition through training. The data set used in this study is the Trade Act Participant Report (TAPR) and is acquired through the Freedom Of Information Act. The data set shows a 37.53% of matching rates among occupational skills trainees. Matching is important in improving wage replacement rates. Trainees with a match display wage replacement rates that are 2 to 3 percentage points higher than trainees without a match. Trainees without a match display lower wage replacement rates than non-trainees. This is potentially due to their more limited skill sets that led them into training enrollment in the first place. Successful skill acquisition – indicated by a match – more than compensates this disadvantage of trainees. Trainees with and without a match display the same post-participation earnings. The results from wage replacement rates and post-participation earnings together suggest that although the trainees with a match displayed lower earnings prior to participation given individual characteristics, successful skill acquisition through training put these two groups of trainees on par with each other. These results suggest that the occupational choices matter and the training provision of the TAA program can be more fruitful if more resources are allocated to thorough worker assessment/counseling and good usage of local labor market information.