Echolocation behavior of the bat Vespertilio murinus reveals the border between the habitat types "edge" and "open space"
Echolocation behavior of the bat Vespertilio murinus reveals the border between the habitat types "edge" and "open space"
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DOI：
10.1007/s00265-006-0279-9
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发表时间：
2007-02-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Schnitzler, Hans Ulrich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schaub, Andrea;Schnitzler, Hans Ulrich
我们测试了回声定位行为可以用来寻找蝙蝠栖息地之间边界的假设。假设蝙蝠在“边缘空间”对背景目标有反应，而在“开放空间”对背景目标没有反应，我们确定了杂色蝙蝠（Vespertilio murinus）通勤个体在这两种栖息地类型之间的边界。我们记录了蝙蝠平行于大型建筑物的墙壁和地面飞行时的回声定位信号序列，并确定了信号的平均带宽、持续时间和脉冲间隔。这些参数随着蝙蝠与背景之间的水平和垂直距离的估计而系统地变化。水平距离背景对回声定位行为的影响明显，水平距离小于6 m，表明边缘与开放空间之间的边界。只有少数蝙蝠能在5米以下的垂直距离飞行。然而，垂直距离为5米及以上的足够多的通道表明垂直边界在5米以下的某个地方。在边缘空间内，V. murinus对背景的反应是减少信号持续时间，在更近的距离上增加带宽，并且经常每翼拍一次发出一个信号。在开放空间中，信号参数不随与背景距离的变化而变化。在那里，V. murinus以最窄的带宽发出最长的信号，并且经常在不发出脉冲的情况下发出一两次翅膀跳动。我们用统计方法支持了回声定位行为揭示栖息地类型“边缘”和“开放空间”之间边界的假设。
We test the hypothesis that echolocation behavior can be used to find the border between bat habitats. Assuming that bats react to background targets in "edge space" but not in "open space", we determined the border between these two habitat types for commuting individuals of the parti-colored bat Vespertilio murinus. We recorded sequences of bats' echolocation signals while they flew parallel to the walls of large buildings and to the ground and determined the signals' average bandwidth, duration, and pulse interval. These parameters varied systematically with the estimated horizontal and vertical distances between the bats and the background. A distinct effect of horizontal distance to the background on echolocation behavior was found for horizontal distances of less than 6 m, thus indicating the border between edge and open space. Only a few bats flew at vertical distances below 5 m. However, enough passages at vertical distances of 5 m and above indicated that the vertical border is somewhere below a distance of 5 m. Within edge space, V. murinus reacted to the background by reducing signal duration, increasing bandwidth at closer distances, and often emitting one signal per wing beat. In open space, signal parameters did not vary as a function of distance to the background. There, V. murinus emitted the longest signals with the narrowest bandwidth and often made one or two wing beats without emitting a pulse. With our data we support with statistical methods the hypothesis that echolocation behavior reveals the border between the habitat types "edge" and "open space".