Group differences in the mutual gaze of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Group differences in the mutual gaze of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
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DOI：
10.1037/0012-1649.41.4.616
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发表时间：
2005-07-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Matsuzawa, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bard, KA;Myowa-Yamakoshi, M;Matsuzawa, T
一个比较发展框架被用来确定相互凝视是否是人类独有的，如果不是，是否共同的机制支持黑猩猩和人类相互凝视的发展。母猩猩和幼猩猩每小时大约有17次相互凝视。相互凝视发生在积极的、非对抗的情境中。日本中心的母幼黑猩猩比美国中心的母幼黑猩猩表现出更多的相互注视。摇篮和运动刺激在各组之间有所不同。用摇篮抱婴儿的时间与相互凝视成反比。有人认为，在灵长类动物中，相互接触是通过触觉和视觉模式的互换性来支持的。在包含跨物种和跨文化数据的视角中，相互凝视的重要性得到了最好的理解。
A comparative developmental framework was used to determine whether mutual gaze is unique to humans and, if not, whether common mechanisms support the development of mutual gaze in chimpanzees and humans. Mother-infant chimpanzees engaged in approximately 17 instances of mutual gaze per hour. Mutual gaze occurred in positive, nonagonistic contexts. Mother-infant chimpanzees at a Japanese center exhibited significantly more mutual gaze than those at a center in the United States. Cradling and motor stimulation varied across groups. Time spent cradling infants was inversely related to mutual gaze. It is suggested that in primates, mutual engagement is supported via an interchangeability of tactile and visual modalities. The importance of mutual gaze is best understood within a perspective that embraces both cross-species and cross-cultural data.