Social and economic correlates of depressive symptoms and perceived stress in South African adults
Social and economic correlates of depressive symptoms and perceived stress in South African adults
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DOI：
10.1136/jech.2007.066191
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Zinman, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hamad, R.;Fernald, L. C. H.;Zinman, J.
目标：南非成年人的精神疾病发病率达到或高于发展中国家其他地区的水平。然而，在这一地区，围绕心理健康的社会背景存在着研究空白。这项分析的目的是描述南非异质人群中抑郁症状和感知压力的患病率及其相关性。方法：对开普敦、伊丽莎白港和德班的低收入成年人(n=257)进行了人口统计学、收入、主观社会地位、生活事件和决策的访谈。结果：CES-D总分为18.8分(SD 11.7)，其中50.4%的男性和64.5%的女性超过专业护理建议的临界值(p=0.03)。PSS评分为18.6分(SD 6.7)，男性平均17.5分，女性19.6分(p=0.02)。在多因素回归分析中，CES-D得分增加与家庭成员较多(p，0.1)、教育程度(p=0.07)、收入稳定性(p，0.07)、主观社会地位(p，0.01)和独立决策(p=0.04)相关。PSS得分的增加与女性(p，0.05)、多种族(p，0.02)、家庭成员较多(p，0.1)、较低的主观社会地位(p，0.02)和最近出生或灾难(p，0.01)有关。结论：抑郁症状和感觉到的压力是本样本关注的公共卫生问题，资源较少的人症状较多。预防精神疾病至关重要，特别是在弱势群体中。
Objectives: Adults in South Africa demonstrate rates of mental illness at or above levels elsewhere in the developing world. Yet there is a research gap regarding the social context surrounding mental health in this region. The objective of this analysis was to characterize the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms and perceived stress among a heterogeneous South African population.Methods: Low- income adults ( n = 257) in Capetown, Port Elizabeth and Durban were interviewed regarding demographics, income, subjective social status, life events and decision- making. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ( CES- D) and Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale ( PSS) were used.Results: CES- D scores were 18.8 ( SD 11.7), with 50.4% of men and 64.5% of women exceeding the cut- off at which professional care is recommended ( p= 0.03). PSS scores were 18.6 ( SD 6.7), with a mean of 17.5 among men and 19.6 among women ( p= 0.02). In multivariate regressions, increased CES- D scores were associated with more household members ( p, 0.1), lower educational attainment ( p= 0.07), less income stability ( p, 0.07), lower subjective social status ( p, 0.01) and independent decision- making ( p= 0.04). Increased PSS scores were associated with female gender ( p, 0.05), multiracial race ( p, 0.02), more household members ( p, 0.1), lower subjective social status ( p, 0.02) and recent birth or catastrophe ( p, 0.01).Conclusions: Depressive symptoms and perceived stress are public health concerns in this sample, with more symptoms among those with fewer resources. The prevention of mental illness is critical, especially in vulnerable populations.