The transition from injection to non-injection drug use: long-term outcomes among heroin and cocaine users in New York City
The transition from injection to non-injection drug use: long-term outcomes among heroin and cocaine users in New York City
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01764.x
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发表时间：
2007-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Friedman, Samuel R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Des Jarlais, Don C.;Arasteh, Kamyar;Friedman, Samuel R.
Aims To characterize heroin and cocaine users in New York City who have changed from injection to non-injection drug administration and to identify factors associated with long-term non-injection use.设计针对纽约市海洛因和可卡因使用者的两项横断面研究。设置和参与者 在药物滥用治疗计划中招募了新入院者（2000-04 年），并使用受访者驱动的抽样方法从社区中招募吸毒者（2004 年）。注射吸毒者和非注射吸毒者都参加了每项研究。 “前注射者”在操作上被定义为在访谈前 6 个月内使用过海洛因和/或可卡因并且过去注射过非法药物的人，但其最近一次注射是在研究访谈前 6 个月以上。 “当前”注射者被定义为在访谈前 6 个月内注射过海洛因和/或可卡因的人。测量 对吸毒史进行结构化访谈，并收集血清样本并检测人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV)。结果 总共招募了 104 名前注射者进行药物滥用治疗计划研究，并招募了 229 名现任注射者进行社区招募研究；药物滥用治疗研究招募了 160 名前注射者和 1731 名现任注射者。与现在的注射者相比，以前的注射者年龄更大，而且更有可能是非裔美国人。前注射者报告说，自最近一次注射以来，间隔时间很长，在药物滥用治疗计划研究中平均为 8 年，在社区招募研究中平均为 12 年。停止注射吸毒的最常见原因包括对健康、社会耻辱和自我形象的担忧，以及偏好鼻内用药作为给药途径。两项研究的结果高度一致。结论 对于许多以前的注射者来说，从注射到非注射的转变似乎是相对稳定的行为变化，他们报告说已经十年或更长时间没有注射过。更好地了解从注射吸毒到稳定的非注射吸毒的转变可能有助于深入了解吸毒和成瘾的自然史。
Aims To characterize heroin and cocaine users in New York City who have changed from injection to non-injection drug administration and to identify factors associated with long-term non-injection use. Design Two cross-sectional studies of heroin and cocaine users in New York City. Settings and participants New admissions were recruited at drug abuse treatment programs (2000-04) and respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit drug users from the community (2004). Both injecting and non-injecting drug users participated in each study. 'Former injectors' were defined operationally as people who had used heroin and/or cocaine in the 6 months prior to the interview and who had injected illicit drugs in the past, but whose most recent injection was more than 6 months before the study interview. 'Current' injectors were defined as people who had injected heroin and/or cocaine in the 6 months prior to the interview. Measurements A structured interview on drug use history was administered, and a serum sample was collected and tested for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Findings A total of 104 former injectors was recruited for the drug abuse treatment program study, and 229 current injectors were recruited for the community recruitment study; 160 former injectors and 1731 current injectors were recruited from the drug abuse treatment study. Compared with the current injectors, former injectors were older and more likely to be African American. The former injectors reported long intervals since their most recent injection, a mean of 8 years in the drug abuse treatment program study and a mean of 12 years in the community recruitment study. The most common reasons for stopping injection drug use included concerns about health, social stigmatization and self-image, and preference for intranasal use as a route of drug administration. The results were highly consistent across the two studies. Conclusions The transition from injection to non-injection use appears to be relatively stable behavior change for many former injectors, who report a decade or more without injecting. Developing a greater understanding of the transition from injection to stable non-injection drug use may provide insights into the natural histories of drug use and addiction.