Sensory processing in autism spectrum disorders and Fragile X syndrome-From the clinic to animal models.
Sensory processing in autism spectrum disorders and Fragile X syndrome-From the clinic to animal models.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.029
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发表时间：
2017-05
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Schmid S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sinclair D;Oranje B;Razak KA;Siegel SJ;Schmid S
大脑不断充斥着感觉信息，这些信息需要在注意前水平进行过滤并整合到内源活动中，以便能够检测到显着信息和适当的行为反应。患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 或脆性 X 综合症 (FXS) 的人通常对刺激反应过度或反应不足，从而导致各种行为症状。这种敏感性的改变可能是由感觉处理、信号集成和/或门控中断引起的，并且经常被忽视。在这里，我们回顾了用于研究 ASD 和 FXS 人类以及相关啮齿动物模型的感觉处理的转化实验方法。这包括事件相关电位、神经振荡和失配负性的脑电图测量，以及惊吓的习惯化和预脉冲抑制。我们概述了自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和 FXS 患者以及各自动物模型中感觉处理受损的有力证据，重点关注听觉感觉领域。动物模型为检查感觉病理生理学的常见机制以开发治疗方法提供了绝佳的机会。
Brains are constantly flooded with sensory information that needs to be filtered at the pre-attentional level and integrated into endogenous activity in order to allow for detection of salient information and an appropriate behavioral response. People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) are often over- or under-reactive to stimulation, leading to a wide range of behavioral symptoms. This altered sensitivity may be caused by disrupted sensory processing, signal integration and/or gating, and is often being neglected. Here, we review translational experimental approaches that are used to investigate sensory processing in humans with ASD and FXS, and in relevant rodent models. This includes electroencephalographic measurement of event related potentials, neural oscillations and mismatch negativity, as well as habituation and pre-pulse inhibition of startle. We outline robust evidence of disrupted sensory processing in individuals with ASD and FXS, and in respective animal models, focusing on the auditory sensory domain. Animal models provide an excellent opportunity to examine common mechanisms of sensory pathophysiology in order to develop therapeutics.