Perennial biomass crops for a resource‐constrained world
Perennial biomass crops for a resource‐constrained world
复制标题
资源有限的世界的多年生生物质作物
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
MICHAEL B. Jones
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MICHAEL B. Jones
在这期特刊中，我们发表了2015年9月在霍亨海姆大学举行的一次会议产生的总共20篇论文，该会议汇集了五个欧洲框架方案7研究联盟，报告了它们在过去五年的工作成果。启动该研究方案是为了认识到欧洲需要可持续生产的生物质，以支持欧洲的生物经济战略目标。会议的标题是“资源有限世界的多年生生物质作物”，我们保留了这个作为特刊的标题。本文的重点是第二代非食用型生物能源作物的生长和利用，如多年生根茎牧草(PRGS)，如芒草和阿伦多多纳克斯(Arundo Donax)，以及短轮作草本植物(SRC)，如杨树和柳树。这两种多年生生物质作物(PBC)在种植园的一生中只建立一次，然后可以在至少20-30年的生命周期内定期收获。首要问题涉及多年生作物作为欧洲生物经济原料的适宜性，特别是开发不与粮食作物竞争的生物质作物环境的必要性。我们关注与生物质能源未来使用有关的两个主要问题：确定最适合的第二代生物质作物，以及需要利用未用于集约农业生产的土地(广义地称为‘边际’土地)，以避免粮食生产和燃料生产之间的潜在冲突。这些论文被分成三大类。在第一类中，论文回顾了欧洲大部分“边缘地区”种植的多年生作物的生物能源资源潜力。芒属可能是欧洲种植最广泛的PRG，但目前建立成本很高，因为这种作物是用根茎碎片建立起来的。在他们的论文中，克利夫顿-布朗等人。(2017)审查利用种子杂交种扩大芒属生产的进展情况。芒属的一个有利特征是它具有潜在的更多产的光合作用形式(C4而不是更常见的C3光合作用)，这种光合作用似乎异常地很好地适应寒冷的温带气候。然而，焦立中等人。(2017)提出这样一个问题：在温带气候条件下，芒属C4光合作用能否与温带牧草杂交种羊茅C3光合作用相抗衡？参与C4光合作用的一个关键酶是PPDK和Peltek等人。(2017)在他们的论文报告中提出了一种快速测定芒属植物叶片中这种酶的新的定量方法。已经收集了大量关于多氯联苯种植的信息，但很少对草本植物和木本植物进行并列比较。在Amaducci等人中。(2017)，他们比较了PRGS和木本作物在欧洲一个地点--波河流域边缘土地上的生物质生产和能量平衡。在更大的空间尺度上，Perdreau等人。(2017)说明了欧洲西北部野生种群的广泛种群遗传变异。人们对土壤细菌内生菌存在的潜在有益影响越来越感兴趣，在他们的论文中，Cope-Selby等人。(2017)关于内生细菌在芒属种子萌发中的作用以及在植物育种中的潜在作用的报告。未用于种植作物的边际地区经常受到植物生长的压力条件，例如盐分含量高或缺水。在本期特刊中，有六篇论文报道了非生物胁迫对芒属植物的影响。Malinowska等人。(2017)调查了从不同地理位置收集的植物对干旱的反应，以及Stavridou等人。(2017)土壤盐分对芒属植物生长影响的报告，S、安切斯等人。(2017)描述了他们在西班牙剩余盐碱地上种植PRG Arundo donax的方法。另外两篇论文报道了对多纳根的干旱反应的调查。Haworth等人。(2017a)关于杜鹃生态型对干旱的生理反应的报告，以及Haworth等人。(2017b)展示了木质部形态如何影响来自不同生境的杜鹃花生态型的干旱反应。最后，Cordero&Osborne(2017)的论文警告植物育种者筛选耐低温能力的植物育种者，暴露在低温下的柳枝枝草基因型叶水平光合作用的变化不会随着最终的生物量产量而变化。在第二类中，有六篇论文侧重于多年生生物质作物的最终用途实例。这些论文说明了生物质的最终用途如何是新颖的，并导致了新的应用和产品，如使用特定的植物碎片进行生物精炼。其中三篇论文考虑了芒属饲料的用途。
In this special issue, we publish a total of 20 papers arising from a conference held at the University of Hohenheim in September 2015, which brought together five European Framework Programme 7 research consortia to report the results of their work over the previous five years. The research programme was initiated in recognition of Europe’s need for sustainably produced biomass to support European strategic objectives for the bioeconomy. The conference title was ‘Perennial Biomass Crops for a Resource-Constrained World’, and we have retained this for the title of the special issue. The focus of the papers is on the growth and utilization of secondgeneration, nonfood bioenergy crops, such as perennial rhizomatous grasses (PRGs), for example Miscanthus and Arundo donax, and short rotation coppice (SRC) species, like poplar and willow. Both of these types of perennial biomass crops (PBCs) are established only once in a plantation’s lifetime and can then be harvested regularly over a lifespan of at least 20–30 years. The overarching questions are related to the suitability of perennial crops for feedstocks for a European bioeconomy and in particular the need to exploit environments for biomass crops which do not compete with food crops. We focus on two major issues relating to the future use of biomass energy: the identification of the most suitable second-generation biomass crops, and the need to utilize land not used for intensive agricultural production (broadly referred to as ‘marginal’ land) so that we avoid the potential conflict between food and fuel production. The papers have been grouped into three broad categories. In the first category, the papers review the potential of bioenergy resources from perennial crops grown in largely ‘marginal areas’ across Europe. Miscanthus is probably the most widely planted PRG in Europe, but establishment costs are currently high because the crop is established from pieces of rhizome. In their paper, Clifton-Brown et al. (2017) review progress in upscaling Miscanthus production with seedbased hybrids. One of the advantageous features of Miscanthus is that it possesses the potentially more productive form of photosynthesis (C4 as opposed to the more common C3 photosynthesis) which appears to be unusually well adapted to cool temperate climates. However, Jiao et al. (2017) ask the question ‘Can Miscanthus C4 photosynthesis compete with the temperate grass hybrid festulolium C3 photosynthesis in a temperate climate?’ A crucial enzyme involved in C4 photosynthesis is PPDK, and Peltek et al. (2017) in their paper report on a new quantitative method for the rapid determination of this enzyme in Miscanthus leaves. A wealth of information on the cultivation of PBCs has been collected, but few side by side comparisons have been made between herbaceous and woody crops. In Amaducci et al. (2017), they compare the biomass production and energy balance of PRGs and woody crops on marginal land in one location in Europe, the Po valley. On a larger spatial scale, Perdreau et al. (2017) illustrate the extensive population genetic variation in wild populations of the PRG Phalaris arundinacea in northwestern Europe. There is increasing interest in the potentially beneficial effects of the presence of soil bacterial endophytes, and in their paper, Cope-Selby et al. (2017) report on the role of endophytic bacteria in Miscanthus seed germination and a potential role in plant breeding. Marginal areas that are not used for crops are frequently subjected to stressful conditions for plant growth, such as high salt content or shortage of water. In this special issue, there are six papers that report on the effects of abiotic stress on Miscanthus. Malinowska et al. (2017) investigate the response to drought in plants collected from different geographical locations, and Stavridou et al. (2017) report on the impact of soil salinity on Miscanthus growth while S anchez et al. (2017) describe their approach to cultivating the PRG Arundo donax on surplus saline lands of Spain. Two other papers report investigations into the drought responses in A. donax. Haworth et al. (2017a) report on the physiological responses of A. donax ecotypes to drought, and Haworth et al. (2017b) show how xylem morphology influences drought responses in ecotypes of A. donax from contrasting habitats. Finally, the paper by Cordero & Osborne (2017) cautions plant breeders screening for low temperature tolerance that variation in leaf-level photosynthesis among switchgrass genotypes exposed to low temperatures does not scale with the final biomass yield. In the second category, there are six papers that focus on examples of end-uses of perennial biomass crops. The papers illustrate how end-uses of biomass can be novel and lead to new applications and products like using specific plant fragments for biorefining. Three of the papers consider uses for Miscanthus feedstock.
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Cope-Selby, Naomi;Cookson, Alan;Farrar, Kerrie
通讯作者：
Farrar, Kerrie