Nanoscale Vector dc Magnetometry via Ancilla-Assisted Frequency Up-Conversion
Nanoscale Vector dc Magnetometry via Ancilla-Assisted Frequency Up-Conversion
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevlett.122.100501
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发表时间：
2019-03-13
影响因子：
8.6
通讯作者：
Cappellaro, Paola
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Liu, Yi-Xiang;Ajoy, Ashok;Cappellaro, Paola
以高灵敏度和空间分辨率感测静态磁场对于基础物理、生物成像和材料科学中的许多应用至关重要。更有益的是具有纳米级空间分辨率的全矢量磁力测量。在过去的十年中，出现了几种通用的磁力测量平台，例如与金刚石中的氮空位（NV）中心相关的电子自旋。然而，实现矢量磁力测量通常需要使用传感器的集合或降低灵敏度。在这里，我们介绍了一个混合磁力平台，由一个传感器和一个辅助量子位，允许静态场的矢量磁力。虽然更普遍适用，我们证明了电子NV传感器和核自旋量子位的方法。特别地，感测横向场依赖于通过辅助量子比特的直流场的频率上转换，从而允许具有低频噪声抑制的量子锁定检测。结合纵向场的拉姆齐检测，我们的频率上转换方案提供了一个敏感的技术，在纳米尺度上的矢量直流磁强计。
Sensing static magnetic fields with high sensitivity and spatial resolution is critical to many applications in fundamental physics, bioimaging, and materials science. Even more beneficial would be full vector magnetometry with nanoscale spatial resolution. Several versatile magnetometry platforms have emerged over the past decade, such as electronic spins associated with nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. Achieving vector magnetometry has, however, often required using an ensemble of sensors or degrading the sensitivity. Here we introduce a hybrid magnetometry platform, consisting of a sensor and an ancillary qubit, that allows vector magnetometry of static fields. While more generally applicable, we demonstrate the method for an electronic NV sensor and a nuclear spin qubit. In particular, sensing transverse fields relies on frequency up-conversion of the dc fields through the ancillary qubit, allowing quantum lock-in detection with low-frequency noise rejection. In combination with the Ramsey detection of longitudinal fields, our frequency up-conversion scheme delivers a sensitive technique for vector dc magnetometry at the nanoscale.