Phylogeny, niche conservatism and the latitudinal diversity gradient in mammals
Phylogeny, niche conservatism and the latitudinal diversity gradient in mammals
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2010.0179
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发表时间：
2010-07-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Wiens, John J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buckley, Lauren B.;Davies, T. Jonathan;Wiens, John J.
生物学家长期以来一直在寻找物种丰富度随纬度降低而增加的机制。物种丰富度和气候之间的强相关性经常被解释为反映了通过与能量或进化速率相关的过程的因果联系。在这里，我们调查的聚集的分支，所规定的遗传学，可以引起显着的气候丰富度梯度没有梯度的多样化或环境承载力。气候与物种丰富度之间的关系在进化枝、区域和时间段之间存在很大差异，这是对所有陆地哺乳动物物种进行的全球范围的遗传学分析。许多年轻的分支显示负的丰度温度斜率（更多的物种在较冷的温度），这些分支的年龄与始新世晚期温带气候区的扩张相吻合。在食肉动物中，我们发现陡峭的正丰度-温度斜率在分支与限制分布和热带起源（e。G.猫分支），而广泛分布，温带分支表现出浅，负斜率（e. G.狗熊分支）。我们表明，在哺乳动物的全球气候丰富度梯度的斜率是由聚合翼手目（蝙蝠）与他们的真兽目姐妹群。我们的研究结果表明，进化史应占任何环境和物种丰富度之间的因果关系的搜索的一部分。
Biologists have long searched for mechanisms responsible for the increase in species richness with decreasing latitude. The strong correlation between species richness and climate is frequently interpreted as reflecting a causal link via processes linked to energy or evolutionary rates. Here, we investigate how the aggregation of clades, as dictated by phylogeny, can give rise to significant climate-richness gradients without gradients in diversification or environmental carrying capacity. The relationship between climate and species richness varies considerably between clades, regions and time periods in a global-scale phylogenetically informed analysis of all terrestrial mammal species. Many young clades show negative richness-temperature slopes (more species at cooler temperatures), with the ages of these clades coinciding with the expansion of temperate climate zones in the late Eocene. In carnivores, we find steeply positive richness-temperature slopes in clades with restricted distributions and tropical origins (e. g. cat clade), whereas widespread, temperate clades exhibit shallow, negative slopes (e. g. dog-bear clade). We show that the slope of the global climate-richness gradient in mammals is driven by aggregating Chiroptera (bats) with their Eutherian sister group. Our findings indicate that the evolutionary history should be accounted for as part of any search for causal links between environment and species richness.