Application of a Coupled Vegetation Competition and Groundwater Simulation Model to Study Effects of Sea Level Rise and Storm Surges on Coastal Vegetation
Application of a Coupled Vegetation Competition and Groundwater Simulation Model to Study Effects of Sea Level Rise and Storm Surges on Coastal Vegetation
复制标题
应用植被竞争与地下水耦合模拟模型研究海平面上升和风暴潮对沿海植被的影响
DOI：
10.3390/jmse3041149
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
H. Koh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Y. Teh;Michael Turtora;D. DeAngelis;Jiang Jiang;L. Pearlstine;T. J. Smith;H. Koh
全球气候变化对低洼沿海地区等地区构成挑战，在这些地区，海平面上升和风暴潮过冲事件可能对植被以及土壤和地下水盐度产生长期影响，造成对本地物种至关重要的生境丧失的风险。迫切需要建立一个预警系统，以预测和防备这些与气候有关的影响对土壤和地下水中盐分短期动态的影响以及对植被的长期影响。为此，美国地质调查局的空间显式模型的植被群落动态沿着沿海盐度梯度（MANHAM）被集成到美国地质调查局地下水模型（SUTRA）创建耦合水文-盐度-植被模型，MANTRA。在MANTRA中，植物对水的吸收被建模为流体质量汇项。地下水盐度、含水饱和度和植被生物量决定了植物蒸腾所需的水分。在耦合模型中使用的配方和假设。MANTRA校准与盐度数据和植被模式的沿海地区的佛罗里达大沼泽地容易受到风暴潮。通过模拟植被对气候变率和干扰的响应，包括基于经验信息的SLR和风暴潮，研究了该站点可能的制度转变。
Global climate change poses challenges to areas such as low-lying coastal zones, where sea level rise (SLR) and storm-surge overwash events can have long-term effects on vegetation and on soil and groundwater salinities, posing risks of habitat loss critical to native species. An early warning system is urgently needed to predict and prepare for the consequences of these climate-related impacts on both the short-term dynamics of salinity in the soil and groundwater and the long-term effects on vegetation. For this purpose, the U.S. Geological Survey’s spatially explicit model of vegetation community dynamics along coastal salinity gradients (MANHAM) is integrated into the USGS groundwater model (SUTRA) to create a coupled hydrology–salinity–vegetation model, MANTRA. In MANTRA, the uptake of water by plants is modeled as a fluid mass sink term. Groundwater salinity, water saturation and vegetation biomass determine the water available for plant transpiration. Formulations and assumptions used in the coupled model are presented. MANTRA is calibrated with salinity data and vegetation pattern for a coastal area of Florida Everglades vulnerable to storm surges. A possible regime shift at that site is investigated by simulating the vegetation responses to climate variability and disturbances, including SLR and storm surges based on empirical information.