Redesigning small ruminant genomes with CRISPR toolkit: Overview and perspectives
Redesigning small ruminant genomes with CRISPR toolkit: Overview and perspectives
复制标题
使用 CRISPR 工具包重新设计小型反刍动物基因组：概述和观点
DOI：
10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.015
复制
发表时间：
2020-04-15
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Chen, Yulin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kalds, Peter;Gao, Yawei;Chen, Yulin
基因改造是一个发展迅速的领域，已经取得了许多重大突破。在过去的几十年里，基因改造已经从插入转基因发展到基因定位和编辑，最近又发展到使用CRISPR衍生系统的基础和主要编辑。目前，基于CRISPR的基因组编辑系统在产生具有明确遗传特征的基因编辑后代方面显示出巨大的潜力。家养小型反刍动物(绵羊和山羊)已显示出作为大型动物模型进行基因组工程的巨大潜力。绵羊和山羊的基因组已经使用基于CRISPR的系统进行了工程设计，用于许多目的。这些措施包括培育优良的农业品种，在乳腺中表达治疗剂，以及开发用于研究人类遗传疾病和再生医学的动物模型。基因改造工具的不断出现和发展促进了这些模型的建立。在这篇综述中，我们概述了基于CRISPR的系统如何通过两种主要途径(胚胎显微注射和体细胞核移植)用于基因编辑的小型反刍动物的产生，并重点介绍了通过敲除、敲除、HDR介导点突变和碱基编辑方法靶向的绵羊和山羊基因，以及这些特定操作的目的。(C)2020 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
Genetic modification is a rapidly developing field in which numerous significant breakthroughs have been achieved. Over the last few decades, genetic modification has evolved from insertional transgenesis to gene targeting and editing and, more recently, to base and prime editing using CRISPR-derived systems. Currently, CRISPR-based genome editing systems are showing great potential for generating geneedited offspring with defined genetic characteristics. Domestic small ruminants (sheep and goats) have shown great potential as large animal models for genome engineering. Ovine and caprine genomes have been engineered using CRISPR-based systems for numerous purposes. These include generating superior agricultural breeds, expression of therapeutic agents in mammary glands, and developing animal models to be used in the study of human genetic disorders and regenerative medicine. The creation of these models has been facilitated by the continuous emergence and development of genetic modification tools. In this review, we provide an overview on how CRISPR-based systems have been used in the generation of gene-edited small ruminants through the two main pathways (embryonic microinjection and somatic cell nuclear transfer) and highlight the ovine and caprine genes that have been targeted via knockout, knockin, HDR-mediated point mutation, and base editing approaches, as well as the aims of these specific manipulations. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.