Tracking sewage derived contamination in riverine settings by analysis of synthetic surfactants
Tracking sewage derived contamination in riverine settings by analysis of synthetic surfactants
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DOI：
10.1039/c1em10150a
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发表时间：
2011-07-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gonzalez-Mazo, Eduardo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Corada-Fernandez, Carmen;Lara-Martin, Pablo A.;Gonzalez-Mazo, Eduardo
一项研究已经取得了最常用的表面活性剂，阴离子（直链烷基苯磺酸盐，LAS，和烷基乙氧基硫酸盐，AES）和非离子（醇聚乙氧基化物，AEO，和壬基酚聚乙氧基化物，NPEOs），在水和表层沉积物中的存在和反应性从瓜达莱特河在西班牙西南部（12站）。沉积物中的平均值为0.1至3.7毫克千克（-1），水中的平均值为0.2至37微克升（-1）。表面活性剂的吸附以疏水机理为主，因此具有较长烷基链的同系物（如，G.与水相比，C（18）AEO）在沉积物中表现出更高的相对百分比和浓度。在三个采样站（7、9和12）观察到这些化合物的局部浓度急剧升高，这表明废水被排入河流。通过分析不同的表面活性剂同系物及其代谢产物的分布，我们能够区分污水污染源排放处理和未经处理的废水。上游（1-2站），LAS浓度低于30 μ g L（-1），其降解中间体（磺基苯羧酸，SPC）（160 μ g L（-1））的组成主要是短链同系物（C（6）-C（9）SPC），表明这种表面活性剂的降解处于后期阶段。在污水处理厂（STP）（站12）的出水出口附近检测到SPC的最高浓度（487 μ g L（-1））。受未经处理的废水排放影响的采样站（7和9）是唯一显示存在最具反应性和可生物降解的SPC异构体和同系物的采样站。G. C（11）SPC）。在这里，LAS达到了测量的最高浓度值（>2 mg L（-1）），并显示出比其他站点发现的LAS更接近商业混合物的同系物分布。
A study has been made of the presence and reactivity of the most commonly used surfactants, both anionic (linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, LAS, and alkyl ethoxysulfates, AES) and non-ionic (alcohol polyethoxylates, AEOs, and nonylphenol polyethoxylates, NPEOs), in water and surface sediments from the middle stretch of the Guadalete River in SW Spain (12 stations). Average values were between 0.1 and 3.7 mg kg(-1) in sediment, and between 0.2 and 37 mu g L(-1) in water. The sorption of surfactants was dominated by hydrophobic mechanisms, so those homologues having longer alkyl chains (e. g. C(18)AEO) showed higher relative percentages and concentrations in sediments compared with water. Local and sharply higher concentrations of these compounds were observed at three sampling stations (7, 9 and 12), indicating the occurrence of wastewater discharges into the river. By analysing the distributions of different surfactant homologues and their metabolites we were able to distinguish between sewage contamination from sources discharging treated and untreated wastewaters. Upstream (stations 1-2), LAS concentrations were below 30 mu g L(-1) and the composition of their degradation intermediates (sulfophenyl carboxylic acids, SPCs) (160 mu g L(-1)) was dominated by short-chain homologues (C(6)-C(9)SPCs), indicating that the degradation of this surfactant is at an advanced stage. The highest concentration (487 mu g L(-1)) of SPCs was detected near the effluent outlet of a sewage treatment plant (STP) (station 12). Sampling stations (7 and 9) affected by untreated wastewater discharges were the only ones showing the presence of the most reactive and biodegradable SPC isomers and homologues (e. g. C(11)SPC). Here, LAS reached the highest concentration values measured (>2 mg L(-1)), and showed a homologue distribution closer to that of commercial mixtures than LAS found at the other stations.