The pathogenesis of acute viral encephalitis and postinfectious encephalomyelitis.
The pathogenesis of acute viral encephalitis and postinfectious encephalomyelitis.
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急性病毒性脑炎和感染后脑脊髓炎的发病机制。
DOI：
10.1093/infdis/155.3.359
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Johnson,RT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson,RT
最近出现了大量关于与人类胃肠炎相关的某些新病毒的“组”的信息。本文所述病毒的直径为20-35 nm，可在急性胃肠炎患者的粪便中检测到。这些病毒可以方便地分为四组：(7)诺沃克类病毒，(2)杯状病毒，(5)星状病毒，和(4)其他小圆形病毒。这些药物与胃肠炎的病因学联系的证据因药物而异，但最广泛的是诺瓦克类药物，其中诺瓦克血清型是流行性胃肠炎的主要原因。人类杯状病毒似乎是儿童胃肠炎的相对常见的原因，特别是在日本和英国。据报道，在世界各地，AS-troVirus偶尔会引起儿童和成人的胃肠炎。其他小圆形病毒的流行病学意义尚不清楚。由于这些药物的体外培养困难，这些药物的生物化学和抗原性表征尚不完整。对疾病的发病机制和对感染的免疫反应的作用的理解也同样处于原始阶段。最近灵敏而有效的检测这些病原体的方法的发展，以及某些人类杯状病毒和星状病毒株可以在体外培养的报道，应该有助于这些病原体的表征和流行病学研究。在明确界定的不同年龄段的人群中，迫切需要对这些药物进行系统的前瞻性流行病学研究，以确定每种药物在人类疾病中的相对重要性。这些信息对于考虑采取适当的控制措施至关重要。
Considerable information has recently emerged regarding certain "groups" of novel viruses associated with gastroenteritis in humans. The viruses reviewed here are 20-35 nm in di- ameter and can be detected in the stools of acutely ill individuals with gastroenteritis. These viruses can be conveniently divided into four "groups": (7) Norwalk-like agents, (2) caliciviruses, (5) astroviruses, and (4) other small round viruses. The evidence for the etiologic association of these agents with gastroenteritis varies from agent to agent but is most extensive for the Norwalk-like agents, of which the Norwalk serotype is a major cause of epidemic gastroenteritis. Human caliciviruses appear to be relatively common causes of gastroenteritis in children, particularly in Japan and the United Kingdom. As- troviruses have been reported as occasional causes of gastroenteritis in children and adults in various parts of the world. The epidemiological significance of the other small round viruses is unknown. Because of the difficulty of cultivating these agents in vitro, biochemical and antigenic characterization of these agents is incomplete. An understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and of the roles of immune responses to infection is similarly at a primitive stage. The recent development of sensitive and efficient assays for detection of several of these agents and the reports that certain strains of human caliciviruses and astroviruses can be cultivated in vitro should facilitate characterization and epidemiolog- ical studies of these agents. Systematic, prospective epidemiological studies of these agents in well-defined populations of various age groups are sorely needed for definition of the relative importance of each agent in human disease. Such information is essential for the consideration of appropriate control measures.