Carbon footprints of food production in China (1979-2009)
Carbon footprints of food production in China (1979-2009)
复制标题
中国粮食生产碳足迹（1979-2009）
DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.11.072
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Xu Lilai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin Jianyi;Hu Yuanchao;Xu Lilai
粮食生产的碳足迹核算有助于决策者了解农业温室气体减排的潜力和挑战。本研究建立了混合经济投入产出和生命周期评估（EIO-LCA）模型来调查1979年至2009年中国食品生产的碳足迹。研究了15种食品类型的排放源变化模式和构成、城市化的影响、碳足迹和碳排放因子。研究结果表明，随着城市化的快速发展，粮食生产的总碳足迹在这三十年里翻了一番。增幅最大的排放源是合成肥料、直接能源使用、肠道发酵和粪便管理。在各类食品中，稻米生产的碳足迹增加最多，牛奶、牛肉、水果和蔬菜生产的碳足迹也因产量增加而快速增长。 1979年至2009年，水稻、蔬菜、水果和动物性食品生产的碳排放因子总体呈下降趋势。值得注意的是，大部分蔬菜食品生产的碳排放因子在1999年触底后出现反弹，主要是由于农业投入的增加。与美国相比，中国食品生产体系的间接碳足迹比例较高，体现出较高的物质投入和能源强度。中国大米和猪肉生产的碳排放因子较小，但牛肉生产的碳排放因子大于美国，这表明中国食品生产技术的相对优势和劣势。缓解解决方案依赖于更好地平衡饮食结构、提高动物性食品的生产力以及减少农业投入，特别是合成肥料。 (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
A carbon footprint accounting of food production is useful for acquainting policy makers with both the potentials and the challenges of GHG mitigation in agriculture. In this study, a hybrid Economic Input-Output and Life Cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) model was developed to investigate the carbon footprint of Chinese food production from 1979 to 2009. The change patterns and compositions of emission sources, impacts of urbanization, carbon footprint and carbon emission factors of 15 food types were examined. Research results indicate that the total carbon footprint of food production had doubled in those three decades, alongside rapid urbanization. The emission sources showing the most dramatic increases were synthetic fertilizer, direct energy use, enteric fermentation and manure management. Among all types of food, the carbon footprint of rice production increased most, and the carbon footprint of milk, bovine meat, fruit and vegetable production also grew rapidly due to increasing yields. There was an overall decreasing trend for carbon emission factors of rice, vegetable, fruit and animal-food production from 1979 to 2009. Notably, the carbon emission factors of most vegetable food production rebounded after hitting bottom in 1999 due principally to enhanced agricultural input. Compared with the U.S.A., China had a higher ratio of indirect carbon footprint in its food production system, which showed high material input and energy intensity. China had smaller carbon emission factors from rice and pigmeat production, but larger carbon emission factors from bovine meat production than the U.S.A., indicating the relative strengths and weaknesses of Chinese food-production technology. Mitigation solutions rely upon better balancing the dietary structure, improving the productivity of animal foods, and reducing agricultural inputs, especially synthetic fertilizer. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.