PATTERNS OF EVALUATION IN SCIENCE - INSTITUTIONALISATION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF REFEREE SYSTEM
PATTERNS OF EVALUATION IN SCIENCE - INSTITUTIONALISATION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF REFEREE SYSTEM
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DOI：
10.1007/bf01553188
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发表时间：
1971-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
MERTON, RK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ZUCKERMAN, H;MERTON, RK
科学上的裁判制度涉及到对提交裁判的稿件的可接受性进行系统的评估，因此，裁判是一个身份法官的例子，他们负责社会系统中角色表现的质量。在每个机构领域都是如此。其他类型的身份法官评估学生的工作质量(作为一种记录变化，学生正式评估艺术表演评论家、行业主管和体育教练的质量)。地位法官是任何社会制度不可或缺的一部分，他们对角色表现的评价及其分配。它们影响着绩效标准的动机。在科学和学术期刊的情况下，签名评委是编辑和裁判。就像提交给出版商的图书的官方剧本，或者评审团评估研究拨款的建议一样，评委们秘密地做出判断，这些都是可以获得的，而且通常是作者可以获得的。科学界的其他法官将他们的判决公之于众，就像发表的重要评论文章一样，这些文章评估了特定知识领域的信誉工作。尽管裁判制度存在效率低下的问题，但PRA认为，即使是目前的形式，它也是影响科学的关键。JM齐曼教授强调了这一案例
The referee system in science involves the systemati assess the acceptability of manuscripts submitted for referee is thus an example of status-judges who are charg the quality of role-performance in a social system. T every institutional sphere. Other kinds of status-judge assessing the quality of work by students (and, as a rec change, students officially assessing the quality of perform critics in the arts, supervisors in industry and coach in sports. Status-judges are integral to any system of socia their evaluation of role-performance and their allocatio that performance. They influence the motivation to m standards of performance.In the case of scientific and scholarly journals, the sig judges are the editors and referees. Like the official scripts of books submitted to publishers, or the presum appraise proposals for research grants, the referees their judgements confidentially, these being available o and usually to the author. Other judges in science an their judgements public, as in the case of published boo often important review articles which assess the" cred work in a special field of knowledge. Although the referee system has its inefficiencies, pra see it even in its current form as crucial for the effect science. Professor JM Ziman puts the case emphaticall