Words in a sea of sounds: the output of infant statistical learning
Words in a sea of sounds: the output of infant statistical learning
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DOI：
10.1016/s0010-0277(01)00132-9
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发表时间：
2001-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Saffran, JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saffran, JR
婴儿语言学习者面临的首要问题之一是分词：发现单词之间的界限。先前的研究表明，8个月大的婴儿可以检测到作为单词边界提示的统计模式。然而，这种学习过程的输出的代表性结构是未知的。这项研究评估了统计学习在多大程度上产生了新的单词样单位，而不是概率相关的声音串。八个月大的婴儿熟悉了一个连续的无意义的单词流，没有声音线索的单词边界。熟悉后测试比较了婴儿对单词和部分单词（跨越单词边界的序列）的反应，这些单词嵌入在婴儿熟悉的简单英语语境中（例如“我喜欢我的tibudo”），或匹配的无意义框架中（例如“zy fike ny tibudo”）。听力偏好受到上下文（英语与废话）的影响，其中熟悉阶段的项目在测试过程中嵌入。第二个实验证实，婴儿可以区分简单的英语上下文和实验1中使用的匹配的无意义框架。实验三重复了实验一的结果，将英语测试框架与由声调序列生成的非语言框架进行对比。研究结果支持这一假设，即统计学习机制产生的词样单位相对于母语具有一定的地位。(C)2001爱思唯尔科技有限公司。保留所有权利。
One of the first problems confronting infant language learners is word segmentation: discovering the boundaries between words. Prior research suggests that 8-month-old infants can detect the statistical patterns that serve as a cue to word boundaries. However, the representational structure of the output of this learning process is unknown. This research assessed the extent to which statistical learning generates novel word-like units, rather than probabilistically-related strings of sounds. Eight-month-old infants were familiarized with a continuous stream of nonsense words with no acoustic cues to word boundaries. A post-familiarization test compared the infants' responses to words versus part-words (sequences spanning a word boundary) embedded either in simple English contexts familiar to the infants (e.g. "I like my tibudo"), or in matched nonsense frames (e.g. "zy fike ny tibudo"). Listening preferences were affected by the context (English versus nonsense) in which the items from the familiarization phase were embedded during testing. A second experiment confirmed that infants can discriminate the simple English contexts and the matched nonsense frames used in Experiment 1. The third experiment replicated the results of Experiment 1 by contrasting the English test frames with non-linguistic frames generated from tone sequences. The results support the hypothesis that statistical learning mechanisms generate word-like units with some status relative to the native language. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.