The use of electrochemical sensors for monitoring urban air quality in low-cost, high-density networks
The use of electrochemical sensors for monitoring urban air quality in low-cost, high-density networks
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.11.060
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Jones, R. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mead, M. I.;Popoola, O. A. M.;Jones, R. L.
适当的空间和时间尺度的测量对于了解和监测具有复杂和高度可变排放源的空间异质环境至关重要，例如在城市地区。然而，传统空气质量测量方法的成本和复杂性意味着测量网络通常非常稀疏。在这篇文章中，我们展示了微型、低成本的电化学气体传感器，传统上用于检测百万分之几(Ppm)的混合比，如果配置和操作得当，可以用于与城市空气质量相关的气体的百万分之几(Ppb)级别的研究。传感器节点，在这种情况下，由多个独立的电化学传感器组成，可以低成本和高便携性，从而允许在精细的空间和时间尺度上部署可扩展的高密度空气质量传感器网络，以及在静态和移动配置中。在本文中，我们提供了电化学传感器在十亿分之几的级别上的性能证据，然后概述了在更广泛的剑桥(英国)地区的自治、高密度、静态网络中部署传感器节点网络以及作为移动网络用于量化个人接触的结果。给出了用行人和骑自行车的人手持的高度便携设备和安装在街道设施上的静态设备进行测量的例子。这项研究报告的混合比差异很大，证实了不能使用稀疏的静态网络来完全表征城市环境，并且需要具有更高分辨率(在空间和时间上)的测量网络来量化城市环境中存在的尺度的空气质量。我们的结论是，本文所述的仪器以及作为其基础的低成本/高密度测量理念，有可能对城市环境中普遍观察到的高粒度空气质量结构提供更全面的评估，并最终可用于量化人体接触以及监测和立法目的。(C)2012爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Measurements at appropriate spatial and temporal scales are essential for understanding and monitoring spatially heterogeneous environments with complex and highly variable emission sources, such as in urban areas. However, the costs and complexity of conventional air quality measurement methods means that measurement networks are generally extremely sparse. In this paper we show that miniature, low-cost electrochemical gas sensors, traditionally used for sensing at parts-per-million (ppm) mixing ratios can, when suitably configured and operated, be used for parts-per-billion (ppb) level studies for gases relevant to urban air quality. Sensor nodes, in this case consisting of multiple individual electrochemical sensors, can be low-cost and highly portable, thus allowing the deployment of scalable high-density air quality sensor networks at fine spatial and temporal scales, and in both static and mobile configurations.In this paper we provide evidence for the performance of electrochemical sensors at the parts-per-billion level, and then outline results obtained from deployments of networks of sensor nodes in both an autonomous, high-density, static network in the wider Cambridge (UK) area, and as mobile networks for quantification of personal exposure. Examples are presented of measurements obtained with both highly portable devices held by pedestrians and cyclists, and static devices attached to street furniture. The widely varying mixing ratios reported by this study confirm that the urban environment cannot be fully characterised using sparse, static networks, and that measurement networks with higher resolution (both spatially and temporally) are required to quantify air quality at the scales which are present in the urban environment. We conclude that the instruments described here, and the low-cost/high-density measurement philosophy which underpins it, have the potential to provide a far more complete assessment of the high-granularity air quality structure generally observed in the urban environment, and could ultimately be used for quantification of human exposure as well as for monitoring and legislative purposes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.