Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis
Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis
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DOI：
10.1111/zoj12163
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Clementz, Mark T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Churchill, Morgan;Boessenecker, Robert W.;Clementz, Mark T.
海豹和海狮（食肉目：海狮科）在北太平洋进化，后来分散在整个南半球。然而，对南半球扩散的时间和数量仍然知之甚少。为了确定海狗和海狮内的扩散的地理模式，我们进行了支序分析结合形态和分子数据的证据。在这项研究中产生的系统发育，然后纳入贝叶斯地理分析，重建祖先的起源点和分散模式的otariid分支。综合证据分析支持Callorhinus作为最早的分歧现存otariid，和一个强烈支持的北方海狮分支（Zalophus，Eumetopias和Proterozetes）作为姐妹组南部分支组成的其余Otariidae。化石数据限制了这一扩散的时间和位置，因为这一扩散发生在距今6至7百万年之间，当时赤道太平洋东部的海面温度异常凉爽，生产力很高，远远早于先前的研究。我们的研究表明，海狗和海狮的分布与海面温度和生产力密切相关，并表明otariids可能容易受到未来人为气候变化的影响。(c)2014年伦敦林奈学会
Fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) evolved in the North Pacific and later dispersed throughout the Southern Hemisphere. However, the timing and number of dispersals into the Southern Hemisphere still remain poorly understood. To determine the biogeographical patterns of dispersal within fur seals and sea lions, we conducted cladistic analyses using combined evidence incorporating morphological and molecular data. The phylogeny produced in this study was then incorporated into Bayesian biogeographical analyses to reconstruct ancestral points of origin and dispersal patterns for otariid clades. Combined evidence analyses supported Callorhinus as the earliest diverging extant otariid, and a strongly supported northern sea lion clade (Zalophus, Eumetopias, and Proterozetes) as the sister group to a southern clade comprising the remainder of Otariidae. Fossil data constrained the timing and location of this dispersal as occurring between 6 and 7Mya during a period of unusually cool sea surface temperatures and high productivity in the eastern equatorial Pacific, far older than suggested by prior studies. Our study indicates that the distribution of fur seals and sea lions is tightly linked to sea surface temperature and productivity, and suggests that otariids may be vulnerable to future anthropogenic climate change.(c) 2014 The Linnean Society of London