Intraspecific adaptive radiation: Competition, ecological opportunity, and phenotypic diversification within species
Intraspecific adaptive radiation: Competition, ecological opportunity, and phenotypic diversification within species
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DOI：
10.1111/evo.13313
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Pfennig, David W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levis, Nicholas A.;Martin, Ryan A.;Pfennig, David W.
资源利用性状的种内变异可能具有深远的生态和进化影响。其中最引人注目的例子是资源多态性，即利用不同资源的替代变体在种群中进化。它们进化的一个未被充分认识的方面是，有利于资源多态性的相同条件竞争和生态机会可能会在已经存在的变体中促进更多轮的多样化。我们研究了这些问题的铲足蟾蜍蝌蚪发展成为一个多面手“杂食动物”或专业“食肉动物”的形态。具体而言，我们评估了形态多样性的蝌蚪从天然池塘和实验诱导的食肉动物饲养的替代饮食。我们还调查了天然池塘，以确定是否intramorph竞争的强度和多样性和丰富的饮食资源（生态机会的措施）影响的多样性内形态的变化。我们发现，五个杂食动物和四个食肉动物类型存在于自然池塘;替代饮食导致形状差异，其中一些反映了在野外的变化;和竞争和生态机会与增强的形态多样性在自然池塘。这种细微的种内变异可能代表了一种未得到充分重视的生物多样性形式，并可能构成进化创新和多样化的熔炉。
Intraspecific variation in resource-use traits can have profound ecological and evolutionary implications. Among the most striking examples are resource polymorphisms, where alternative morphs that utilize different resources evolve within a population. An underappreciated aspect of their evolution is that the same conditions that favor resource polymorphism-competition and ecological opportunity-might foster additional rounds of diversification within already existing morphs. We examined these issues in spadefoot toad tadpoles that develop into either a generalist "omnivore" or a specialist "carnivore" morph. Specifically, we assessed the morphological diversity of tadpoles from natural ponds and experimentally induced carnivores reared on alternative diets. We also surveyed natural ponds to determine if the strength of intramorph competition and the diversity and abundance of dietary resources (measures of ecological opportunity) influenced the diversity of within-morph variation. We found that five omnivore and four carnivore types were present in natural ponds; alternative diets led to shape differences, some of which mirrored variation in the wild; and both competition and ecological opportunity were associated with enhanced morphological diversity in natural ponds. Such fine-scale intraspecific variation might represent an underappreciated form of biodiversity and might constitute a crucible of evolutionary innovation and diversification.