Soil erosion after fire in volcanic terrain: Assessment and implications for post-fire soil losses
Soil erosion after fire in volcanic terrain: Assessment and implications for post-fire soil losses
复制标题
火山地形火灾后的土壤侵蚀：火灾后土壤流失的评估和影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129923
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Neris J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Neris J
野火可以极大地改变生态系统的水文和侵蚀反应，增加受火灾影响的山坡下的人口和资产的风险。这尤其适用于火灾多发地区的火山地区，这些地区通常地形陡峭，人口密度高。然而，火灾对关键水文和侵蚀参数的影响尚未在这种地形类型中得到广泛评估，这些参数对于模拟径流侵蚀过程、预测相关的火灾后风险和选择有效的缓解措施至关重要。在这里，我们使用侵蚀图监测和细沟侵蚀模拟实验，在山坡尺度上评估了特内里费岛（西班牙加那利群岛）最近被烧毁的森林地区两种截然不同的火山土壤的水侵蚀过程。结果表明，火山物质的岩性和风化程度都通过集中流（细沟侵蚀实验）以及细沟和细沟侵蚀（侵蚀图）的组合来控制火后水侵蚀。成熟的火山土壤比弱风化的火山土壤和非火山岩性土壤更不易受到侵蚀。结果还表明，火灾后易分离和可运输的土壤颗粒的可用性迅速减少，导致沉积物耗尽，并随着累积径流事件而降低侵蚀率。这些发现对火山地形径流侵蚀过程的建模具有直接影响。
Wildfires can dramatically modify the hydrologic and erosion response of ecosystems, increasing risks to population and assets downslope of fire affected hillslopes. This applies especially to volcanic areas in fire-prone regions which often exhibit steep terrain and high population densities. However, the effects of fire on key hydrologic and erosion parameters, which are critical for modelling runoff-erosion processes, predicting related post-fire risks and for selecting effective mitigation measures, have not been extensively assessed in this terrain type. Here we evaluate water erosion processes of two contrasting volcanic soils in recently burned forest areas of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) at hillslope scale using erosion plots monitoring and rill erosion simulation experiments. The results show that both the lithology and the degree of weathering of the volcanic material govern the post-fire water erosion by concentrated flow (rill erosion experiments) and by the combination of interrill and rill erosion (erosion plots). Mature volcanic soils showed less susceptibility to erosion than weakly weathered volcanic soils and soils with non-volcanic lithologies. The results also show that the availability of easily detachable and transportable soil particles swiftly decreases after the fire, leading to the exhaustion of sediments and a decrease of the erosion rates with cumulative runoff events. These findings have direct implications for the modelling of runoff-erosion processes in volcanic terrain.