Urban Geocryology: Mapping Urban–Rural Contrasts in Active-Layer Thickness, Barrow Peninsula, Northern Alaska
Urban Geocryology: Mapping Urban–Rural Contrasts in Active-Layer Thickness, Barrow Peninsula, Northern Alaska
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DOI：
10.1080/24694452.2018.1549972
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发表时间：
2014-12
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
A. Klene;F. Nelson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Klene;F. Nelson
季节性最大融雪深度是多年冻土区民用基础设施设计的关键因素。虽然活动层厚度（ALT）地图已经在未受干扰的局部地区创建，但在城市化地区很少这样做。改进的Berggren溶液用于绘制阿拉斯加北部150平方公里巴罗半岛上分辨率为30 × 30 m的ALT地图。重点分析了在城市化和相对未受干扰的冻土带上获得的精度差异。虽然已知改进的Berggren解决方案比Stefan解决方案提供更准确的霜冻和融化深度估计，但它以前并未用于制图应用。作为巴罗城市热岛研究的一部分，71个微型数据记录仪被安装在Utqiaġvik市（以前的巴罗市）及其周围，以测量空气和土壤温度。结果数据被用来计算空气和土壤表面温度场，以及夏季n因子，基于9个城市和农村土地覆盖类别。区域土壤和土地覆盖图被用来获取额外的输入数据。通过比较探测ALT测量值与预测像素值进行验证。模型结果证实，相对于周围未受干扰的苔原，城市基础设施的存在增加了ALT的幅度和地理变异性。Berggren解决方案在估计农村和城市地区土地覆盖等级的平均值方面表现良好，并且在其他应用中作为绘制ALT的工具具有相当大的潜力。关键词：活动层，阿拉斯加，巴罗，冻土，冻土学，制图，冻土，城市，Utqiaġvik
The maximum depth of seasonal thaw is a critical design factor for civil infrastructure in permafrost regions. Although maps of active-layer thickness (ALT) have been created for localized areas in undisturbed terrain, this has rarely been done within urbanized areas. The modified Berggren solution was used to map ALT at a resolution of 30 × 30 m over the 150-km2 Barrow Peninsula in northern Alaska. Emphasis was placed on analyzing differences in accuracy obtained in urbanized and relatively undisturbed tundra. Although the modified Berggren solution is known to provide more accurate estimates of frost and thaw depth than the Stefan solution, it has not been used previously in mapping applications. As part of the Barrow Urban Heat Island Study, seventy-one miniature data loggers were installed in and surrounding the City of Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow) to measure air and soil temperature. The resulting data were used to calculate air and soil surface temperature fields, as well as summer n-factors, based on nine urban and rural land-cover classes. Regional soil and land-cover maps were used to obtain additional input data. Validation was performed by comparing probed ALT measurements with predicted pixel values. Model results confirm that the presence of urban infrastructure increases both the magnitude and the geographic variability of ALT relative to surrounding undisturbed tundra. The Berggren solution performed well for estimating mean values for land-cover classes in both rural and urban areas and has considerable potential as a tool for mapping ALT in other applications. Key Words: active layer, Alaska, Barrow, frozen ground, geocryology, mapping, permafrost, urban, Utqiaġvik.