The measles epidemic trend over the past 30 years in a central district in Shanghai, China.
The measles epidemic trend over the past 30 years in a central district in Shanghai, China.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0179470
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Jiang Q
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gao J;Shen B;Xiong J;Lu Y;Jiang Q
过去50年的麻疹疫苗接种大大降低了麻疹的发病率。然而，移民中的麻疹以及由此引起的流行病学特征的变化给消除麻疹带来了新的挑战。我们的目标是描述上海中心区中国过去30年的麻疹流行趋势。本研究在上海市中心的静安区进行。根据麻疹历史监测数据，分别计算了当地居民和外来人口的麻疹发病率。接下来，我们将1984-2015年间当地居民所有麻疹病例归类为8个年龄组和5个出生队列。为了解静安区近30年来麻疹流行趋势，按不同年龄组和出生队列计算各时段麻疹发病率。1984年至2015年，上海市静安区共报告103例麻疹病例。对于1岁以下的婴儿和30岁以上的成年人，麻疹的发病率在过去30年里持续上升。对于特定的出生队列，接种麻疹疫苗后麻疹发病率最初下降，然后出现反弹。在一些发达地区，老年人和婴儿的麻疹发病率上升，减缓了消除麻疹的进程。这说明麻疹疫苗接种后人群对麻疹的免疫力会随着时间的推移而逐渐降低。我们建议成人对麻疹进行补充免疫，以减少免疫力下降，特别是对流动人口。
Measles vaccination over the past 50 years has greatly reduced the incidence of measles. However, measles among migrants and the resulting changes in epidemiological characteristics have brought new challenges to the elimination of measles. We aim to describe the measles epidemic trend over the past 30 years in a central district in Shanghai, China. The present study was conducted in the Jing’an District, which is located in the center of Shanghai. Based on historical surveillance data of measles, we calculated the incidence of measles among local residents and migrants separately. Next, we classified all of the cases of the measles among local residents between 1984 and 2015 into 8 age groups and 5 birth cohorts. Finally, we calculated the measles incidence in each time period by the different age groups and birth cohorts, to understand the measles epidemic trend over past 30 years in the Jing'an District. A total of 103 cases of measles were reported from the Jing’an District, Shanghai, from 1984 to 2015. For infants less than 1 year of age and adults over 30 years of age, the incidence of measles continued to rise over the past 30 years. For a specific birth cohort, the incidence of measles after measles vaccination declined initially, and was then followed by a rebound. The incidence of measles in older adults and infants increased in some developed regions, which slows the process of measles elimination. This suggested that the population immunity against measles after measles vaccination would gradually reduce with time. We recommend supplemental immunization against measles in adults in order to reduce the immunity decline, especially for migrants.