Detection of radioactive 35S at Fukushima and other Japanese sites
Detection of radioactive 35S at Fukushima and other Japanese sites
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DOI：
10.1029/2012jd018485
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发表时间：
2013-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Priyadarshi;Jason Hill-Falkenthal;M. Thiemens;N. Yoshida;S. Toyoda;Keita Yamada;Arata Mukotaka;Ayako Fujii;M. Uematsu;S. Hatakeyama;I. Noguchi;Y. Nojiri;H. Tanimoto
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文献类型：
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作者：
A. Priyadarshi;Jason Hill-Falkenthal;M. Thiemens;N. Yoshida;S. Toyoda;Keita Yamada;Arata Mukotaka;Ayako Fujii;M. Uematsu;S. Hatakeyama;I. Noguchi;Y. Nojiri;H. Tanimoto
福岛核电站在2011年3月的地震和随之而来的海啸中遭到严重破坏。这场灾难的影响之一是，当部分熔化的反应堆堆芯的中子激活冷却剂海水时，通过35 Cl（n，p）35 S反应二次形成放射性35 S。本文报告了2011年3月至9月期间在日本六个采样点（北海道、筑波、柏和、府中、横滨和福岛）收集的硫酸盐气溶胶和雨水中的35 S的首次测量结果。气溶胶中35 SO 42-的测量浓度差异很大。柏和（AORI）站点在2011年4月1日显示了最高的35 SO 42-浓度（6.1 × 104 ± 200原子/m3），这比自然背景放射性高出近100倍。考虑到35 SO 42-在传输过程中由于干、湿沉降以及边界层中辐射羽流的稀释而造成的损失百分比，确定在地震后一周内，福岛的表面空气35 SO 42-浓度为2.8 × 105原子/m3，这与模型预测一致[Priyadarshi等人，]. 2011年3月至5月期间在横滨东京理工大学收集的雨水中的35 SO 42-活性从1.1 × 105到9.8 × 105原子/升不等，而在4月期间在福岛附近收集的溪流中发现有1.2 × 105原子/升。即使在6个月后，福岛地区海洋边界层中的35 SO 42-活度仍然很高（9.9 × 104 ± 770原子/m3），这意味着反应堆堆芯正在产生放射性硫。
The Fukushima nuclear power plant was severely damaged by an earthquake and concomitant tsunami during March 2011. An effect of this disaster was secondary formation of radioactive 35S via the 35Cl(n,p)35S reaction, when neutrons from the partially melted reactor cores activated the coolant sea water. Here we report the first measurements of 35S in sulfate aerosols and rain water collected at six Japanese sampling sites, Hokkaido, Tsukuba, Kashiwa, Fuchu, Yokohama, and Fukushima, during March‐September 2011. The measured 35SO42‐ concentrations in aerosols vary significantly. The Kashiwa (AORI) site shows the highest 35SO42‐ concentration (6.1 × 104 ± 200 atoms/m3) on 1 April 2011, which is nearly 100 times higher than the natural background activity. Considering the percentage loss of 35SO42‐ resulting from dry and wet deposition and dilution of the radiation plume in the boundary layer during transport, it was determined that the surface air concentration of 35SO42‐ at the Fukushima would have been 2.8 × 105 atoms/m3 during the week after the earthquake, which is in agreement with the model prediction [Priyadarshi et al., ]. 35SO42‐ activity in rain water collected during March‐May 2011 at Tokyo Tech Yokohama varies from 1.1 × 105 to 9.8 × 105 atoms/liter, whereas stream water collected near Fukushima was found to have 1.2 × 105 atoms/liter during April. Even after 6 months, 35SO42‐ activity remains very high (9.9 × 104 ± 770 atoms/m3) in the marine boundary layer in the Fukushima region, which implies that the reactor core was producing radioactive sulfur.