Long-term responses in soil solution and stream-water chemistry at Hubbard Brook after experimental addition of wollastonite
Long-term responses in soil solution and stream-water chemistry at Hubbard Brook after experimental addition of wollastonite
复制标题
实验添加硅灰石后哈伯德布鲁克土壤溶液和溪流水化学的长期响应
DOI：
10.1071/en15113
复制
发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
J. Blum
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Shao;C. Driscoll;C. Johnson;T. Fahey;J. Battles;J. Blum
环境背景硅酸钙被添加到美国新罕布夏州的一个森林流域，以加速其从酸雨中恢复。在12年的研究中，土壤的酸碱状况和溪流质量得到了改善，其中最显著的反应是在流域的较高海拔和上层土壤。在研究期间，总共有95%的添加钙和87%的添加二氧化硅保留在流域中。1999年10月，3450kgha-1硅灰石(CaSiO_3)被应用于美国新罕布夏州哈伯德·布鲁克实验森林的1号流域，目的是恢复因酸沉降的长期输入而从土壤交换点流失的钙。经过处理后，整个流域1的土壤溶液和溪水中钙和溶解二氧化硅的浓度和通量都显著增加，酸中和能力也有所增加。无机单体铝的浓度和通量显著降低。该处理改善了河水的酸碱状况，降低了溪水中铝中毒的可能性，特别是在分水岭下游。到2010年底，从硅灰石处理中添加的钙约有4.7%，添加的二氧化硅约有17%从分水岭1出口到溪水中。同时，约1825mmolm-2的添加钙和2125mmolm-2的添加二氧化硅被作为颗粒硅灰石或溶解的溶质(钙77.6mmolm-2；二氧化硅592.2mmolm-2)运移到较低的矿质土层，从而增加了土壤库--或者被植被吸收并并入流域生态系统的内部钙和二氧化硅循环。这种试验性的硅灰石添加是缓解生态系统酸化、恢复这一缺碱流域的钙状况和森林健康的有效工具。
Environmental context Calcium silicate was added to a forest watershed in New Hampshire, USA, to accelerate its recovery from acid rain. The acid–base status of soil and stream quality improved over the 12-year study, with the most pronounced response in the upper elevation and the upper soil of the watershed. A total of 95% of the added calcium and 87% of the added silica were retained in the watershed over the study period. Abstract In October 1999, 3450kgha–1 of wollastonite (CaSiO3) was applied to Watershed 1 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, USA, with the objective of restoring calcium that had been depleted from soil-exchange sites by chronic inputs of acid deposition. After the treatment, the concentrations and fluxes of calcium and dissolved silica significantly increased in both soil solution and stream water throughout Watershed 1, as did the acid-neutralising capacity. The concentrations and fluxes of inorganic monomeric aluminium significantly decreased. The treatment improved the acid–base status and decreased the potential for aluminium toxicity in stream water, especially in the lower reaches of the watershed. Approximately 4.7% of the added calcium and 17% of the added silica from the wollastonite treatment was exported from Watershed 1 in stream water by the end of 2010. Meanwhile, ~1825mmolm–2 of the added calcium and 2125mmolm–2 of the added silica were either transported to lower mineral soil horizons – as particulate wollastonite, or as dissolved solutes (calcium 77.6mmolm–2; silica 592.2mmolm–2), thus contributing to increases in soil pools – or were taken up by vegetation and incorporated into internal calcium and silica cycles of the watershed ecosystem. This experimental wollastonite addition was an effective tool for mitigating the acidification of the ecosystem and restoring the calcium status and forest health of this base-poor watershed.