Adaptive Shifts in Gene Regulation Underlie a Developmental Delay in Thermogenesis in High-Altitude Deer Mice
Adaptive Shifts in Gene Regulation Underlie a Developmental Delay in Thermogenesis in High-Altitude Deer Mice
复制标题
基因调控的适应性转变是高海拔鹿小鼠产热发育延迟的基础
DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msaa086
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Cheviron, Zachary A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Velotta, Jonathan P;Robertson, Cayleih E;Schweizer, Rena M;McClelland, Grant B;Cheviron, Zachary A
有氧性能与健身有关，因为它影响动物寻找食物，逃避捕食者或在极端条件下生存的能力。在高海拔地区，低O2可用性和持续寒冷占主导地位，最大代谢产热（产热）是一种有氧性能特征，与生存密切相关。了解生热作用如何进化以提高在高海拔地区的生存能力，将有助于深入了解生理学，性能和健身之间的联系。最近对鹿鼠（Peromyscus maniculatus）的研究表明，与低地同类相比，高海拔地区的成年小鼠在缺氧条件下具有更高的产热能力，但发育中的高海拔幼崽延迟了产热的开始。这一发现表明，生热能力的自然选择在不同的生命阶段有所不同。为了确定这种个体发育延迟的机制原因，我们分析了热效应器官棕色脂肪组织和骨骼肌的转录组，在低海拔和高海拔地区发育中的鹿鼠。我们证明，产热的发育延迟与神经系统发育，燃料/O2供应和氧化代谢途径相关的基因表达的适应性变化有关。我们的研究结果表明，选择已经修改了在高海拔地区的温度调节系统的发展轨迹，并已这样做，通过作用于控制热效应组织的成熟的调节系统。我们认为，寒冷和缺氧的条件下，高海拔地区的力量资源分配的权衡，即有限的能量分配到发展过程中，如增长，与活跃的产热，在早期发展。
Aerobic performance is tied to fitness as it influences an animal’s ability to find food, escape predators, or survive extreme conditions. At high altitude, where low O2availability and persistent cold prevail, maximum metabolic heat production (thermogenesis) is an aerobic performance trait that is closely linked to survival. Understanding how thermogenesis evolves to enhance survival at high altitude will yield insight into the links between physiology, performance, and fitness. Recent work in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) has shown that adult mice native to high altitude have higher thermogenic capacities under hypoxia compared with lowland conspecifics, but that developing high-altitude pups delay the onset of thermogenesis. This finding suggests that natural selection on thermogenic capacity varies across life stages. To determine the mechanistic cause of this ontogenetic delay, we analyzed the transcriptomes of thermoeffector organs—brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle—in developing deer mice native to low and high altitude. We demonstrate that the developmental delay in thermogenesis is associated with adaptive shifts in the expression of genes involved in nervous system development, fuel/O2supply, and oxidative metabolism pathways. Our results demonstrate that selection has modified the developmental trajectory of the thermoregulatory system at high altitude and has done so by acting on the regulatory systems that control the maturation of thermoeffector tissues. We suggest that the cold and hypoxic conditions of high altitude force a resource allocation tradeoff, whereby limited energy is allocated to developmental processes such as growth, versus active thermogenesis, during early development.