A Three-Dimensional Model of Women's Empowerment: Implications in the Field of Microfinance and Future Directions.
A Three-Dimensional Model of Women's Empowerment: Implications in the Field of Microfinance and Future Directions.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01678
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Lensink R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huis MA;Hansen N;Otten S;Lensink R
妇女赋权是实现全球可持续发展的重要目标。向妇女提供小额信贷服务是增强妇女权能的一种方式。然而，经验证据对其有效性提供了好坏参半的结果。我们回顾了之前关于小额信贷服务对妇女赋权不同方面影响的研究。我们提出了一个妇女赋权三维模型，以整合之前的研究结果，并更深入地了解小额信贷服务领域的妇女赋权。该模型提出，妇女赋权可以在三个不同的维度上进行：（1）微观层面，指个人的个人信仰和行动，可以观察到个人赋权；（2）中观层面，指与相关他人相关的信仰和行动，可以观察到关系赋权；（3）宏观层面，指可以观察到社会赋权的更广泛的社会背景中的结果。重要的是，我们认为时间和文化是影响女性赋权的重要因素。我们认为，干预与其评估之间的时间滞后可能会影响不同维度上的赋权效应何时发生，并且干预类型会影响三个维度的观察顺序。我们认为，在赋权的哪些组成部分被视为赋权指标以及妇女在社会中的地位如何影响妇女赋权的发展方面，文化可能有所不同。我们建议，妇女赋权三维模型应指导未来项目的设计、实施和评估干预措施。因此，我们的分析提供了两个主要的实际意义。首先，基于该模型，我们建议未来的研究应区分妇女赋权的三个维度，以增加我们对妇女赋权的理解，并促进跨研究和跨文化的结果比较。其次，我们建议项目设计者应具体说明干预措施应如何刺激妇女赋权的哪些方面。我们希望这个模型能够激发纵向和跨文化研究，以考察女性赋权在个人、关系和社会维度上的发展。
Women’s empowerment is an important goal in achieving sustainable development worldwide. Offering access to microfinance services to women is one way to increase women’s empowerment. However, empirical evidence provides mixed results with respect to its effectiveness. We reviewed previous research on the impact of microfinance services on different aspects of women’s empowerment. We propose a Three-Dimensional Model of Women’s Empowerment to integrate previous findings and to gain a deeper understanding of women’s empowerment in the field of microfinance services. This model proposes that women’s empowerment can take place on three distinct dimensions: (1) the micro-level, referring to an individuals’ personal beliefs as well as actions, where personal empowerment can be observed (2) the meso-level, referring to beliefs as well as actions in relation to relevant others, where relational empowerment can be observed and (3) the macro-level, referring to outcomes in the broader, societal context where societal empowerment can be observed. Importantly, we propose that time and culture are important factors that influence women’s empowerment. We suggest that the time lag between an intervention and its evaluation may influence when empowerment effects on the different dimensions occur and that the type of intervention influences the sequence in which the three dimensions can be observed. We suggest that cultures may differ with respect to which components of empowerment are considered indicators of empowerment and how women’s position in society may influence the development of women’s empowerment. We propose that a Three-Dimensional Model of Women’s Empowerment should guide future programs in designing, implementing, and evaluating their interventions. As such our analysis offers two main practical implications. First, based on the model we suggest that future research should differentiate between the three dimensions of women’s empowerment to increase our understanding of women’s empowerment and to facilitate comparisons of results across studies and cultures. Second, we suggest that program designers should specify how an intervention should stimulate which dimension(s) of women’s empowerment. We hope that this model inspires longitudinal and cross-cultural research to examine the development of women’s empowerment on the personal, relational, and societal dimension.
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