Speech segmentation by statistical learning is supported by domain-general processes within working memory
Speech segmentation by statistical learning is supported by domain-general processes within working memory
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DOI：
10.1080/17470218.2015.1112825
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Mattys, Sven L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Palmer, Shekeila D.;Mattys, Sven L.
本研究的目的是探讨统计学习过程中工作记忆资源的募集程度。参与者被要求在人工语音流中识别新单词，其中音节之间的过渡概率提供了唯一的分割线索。实验1和2表明，分割性能提高时，语音速率减慢，这表明SL是支持某种形式的主动处理或维护机制，更有效地运行在较低的演示速率。在实验3中，我们调查了这种机制的性质，要求参与者执行一个两回任务，而听的语音流。一半的参与者进行了一个双回韵任务，旨在从事语音处理，而另一半进行了一个类似的双回任务上无法命名的视觉形状。假设如果SL仅依赖于域特定的过程（即，语音排练），押韵任务应该损害语音分割性能比形状任务。然而，这两种负荷对学习同样具有破坏性，因为它们都消除了慢速所带来的好处。这些结果表明，SL是支持工作记忆过程，依赖于域一般资源。
The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which working memory resources are recruited during statistical learning (SL). Participants were asked to identify novel words in an artificial speech stream where the transitional probabilities between syllables provided the only segmentation cue. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that segmentation performance improved when the speech rate was slowed down, suggesting that SL is supported by some form of active processing or maintenance mechanism that operates more effectively under slower presentation rates. In Experiment 3 we investigated the nature of this mechanism by asking participants to perform a two-back task while listening to the speech stream. Half of the participants performed a two-back rhyme task designed to engage phonological processing, whereas the other half performed a comparable two-back task on un-nameable visual shapes. It was hypothesized that if SL is dependent only upon domain-specific processes (i.e., phonological rehearsal), the rhyme task should impair speech segmentation performance more than the shape task. However, the two loads were equally disruptive to learning, as they both eradicated the benefit provided by the slow rate. These results suggest that SL is supported by working-memory processes that rely on domain-general resources.