A Full Level-of-Detail Specification for 3D Building Models Combining Indoor and Outdoor Scenes
A Full Level-of-Detail Specification for 3D Building Models Combining Indoor and Outdoor Scenes
复制标题
结合室内和室外场景的 3D 建筑模型的完整细节级别规范
DOI：
10.3390/ijgi7110419
复制
发表时间：
2018-11-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Lei, Yuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tang, Lei;Li, Lin;Lei, Yuan
CityGML（City Geography Markup Language）中的细节层次（Level of Detail，LoD）概念表明了模型与真实世界模型的相似程度，已被广泛应用于各种应用中，包括建筑物的三维建模。然而，随着室内环境中人类活动的增加，标准化的LoD定义似乎不够，因为其对室内特征的分类很窄，只能在LoD 4中显示。鉴于这一缺点，提出了一种扩展的室内LoD（ILoD）规范，特别是针对室内空间，通过利用其他两个国际标准的优势，允许现有的LoD成为更精确的室外LoD（OLoD）：工业基础类（IFC）和IndoorGML。在本文中，室内空间被划分为三个语义方面（结构，连通性和体积）的不同系统，该方法可以被认为是指导思想，以定义详细的室内水平以下的具体理论实现的基础上扩展的UML图CityGML的建筑模型。此外，随后列出了通过组合各种OLoD和ILoD获得的连续且无缝的全LoD（FLoD）集合，以实现3D建筑模型的全规格。此外，为了证明所提出的规范，并证明在不同的LOD的建筑模型的适用性，进行了实际的实验。
The level of detail (LoD) concept in CityGML (City Geography Markup Language), which indicates how closely the model mirrors its real-world counterpart, has been accepted and applied widely in various applications, including the 3D modeling of buildings. However, with an increasing number of human activities occurring in the indoor environment, the standardized LoD definition appears to be insufficient because of its narrow classifications for interior features, which can be presented only in LoD4. In view of this drawback, an extended indoor LoD (ILoD) specification is proposed, particularly for indoor spaces, allowing the existing LoD to become a more precise outdoor LoD (OLoD) by exploiting the advantages of two other international standards: Industry foundation classes (IFC) and IndoorGML. In this paper, the interior space is divided into distinct systems of three semantic aspects (structure, connectivity, and volume); the approach can be considered the guiding ideology to define the detailed indoor levels following a concrete theoretical realization based on extending the UML diagram of CityGML's building model. Moreover, a continuous and seamless full LoD (FLoD) set obtained by combining various OLoDs and ILoDs is subsequently listed to realize the full specification for 3D building models. Furthermore, to demonstrate the proposed specification and prove the applicability of the building model at different LoDs, a practical experiment is conducted.