Stoneflies in the genus Lednia (Plecoptera: Nemouridae): sentinels of climate change impacts on mountain stream biodiversity
Stoneflies in the genus Lednia (Plecoptera: Nemouridae): sentinels of climate change impacts on mountain stream biodiversity
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DOI：
10.1007/s10531-021-02344-y
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发表时间：
2022-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
M. Green;Lusha M. Tronstad;J. J. Giersch-J.;Alisha A. Shah;Candace E. Fallon;E. Blevins;Taylor R. Kai;C. Muhlfeld;D. Finn;S. Hotaling
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作者：
M. Green;Lusha M. Tronstad;J. J. Giersch-J.;Alisha A. Shah;Candace E. Fallon;E. Blevins;Taylor R. Kai;C. Muhlfeld;D. Finn;S. Hotaling
冰川和雪地的快速退缩正在威胁着全世界冷水生物多样性的栖息地。在北美西部的许多冰源源头，石蝇属（Plecoptera：Nemouridae）石蝇是无脊椎动物群落的重要成员。 Lednia 广泛分布于山间溪流，且与冰川覆盖面积下降密切相关，已成为气候变化对高海拔水生生物多样性威胁的哨兵。 Lednia tumana 是美国冰川国家公园及周围山脉特有的物种，是该属中研究最深入的物种，由于气候导致融水流失，于 2019 年受到美国濒危物种法案 (ESA) 的联邦保护。栖息地。其他三种 Lednia 物种也已被描述，如 L.图马纳，每种都是北美西部山区的特有种：内华达山脉的 Lednia sierrain、喀斯喀特山脉的 Lednia borealis 和提顿山脉的 Lednia tetonica。在这篇综述中，我们对莱德尼亚生态学、遗传学和生理学进行了全面概述，重点是具有相似水源分布的群体和物种的保护前景。我们强调过去十年在更好地了解莱德尼亚的生态和进化方面取得的重大进展，包括识别了 140 条含有莱德尼亚的溪流（比 2010 年的 12 条有所增加），以及更全面地了解变暖的溪流可能危及该属物种的程度。鉴于 L 的 ESA 列表。图马纳，我们表明所有现存的莱德尼亚物种都可能面临类似的保护威胁。然而，我们的知识仍然存在巨大差距，主要集中在它们的分布（以及尚未描述的物种的潜力）、生活史、生态生理学和营养生态学方面。最后，我们向莱德尼亚描述了紧迫的问题，这些问题一旦得到解决，将扩大对该属及其保护的了解，并更广泛地了解全球山溪生物多样性面临的气候风险。
Rapid recession of glaciers and snowfields is threatening the habitats of cold-water biodiversity worldwide. In many ice-sourced headwaters of western North America, stoneflies in the genusLednia(Plecoptera: Nemouridae) are a prominent member of the invertebrate community. With a broad distribution in mountain streams and close ties to declining glacier cover,Ledniahas emerged as a sentinel of climate change threats to high-elevation aquatic biodiversity.Lednia tumana, which is endemic to Glacier National Park, USA and the surrounding mountains, is the most well-studied species in the genus and in 2019 became federally protected under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) due to climate-induced loss of meltwater habitats. Three otherLedniaspecies have also been described, and likeL. tumana, each is endemic to a mountain region of western North America:Lednia sierrain the Sierra Nevada,Lednia borealisin the Cascade Range, andLednia tetonicain the Teton Range. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview ofLedniaecology, genetics, and physiology, with an emphasis on the conservation outlook for the group and species with similar headwater distributions. We highlight substantial progress made in the last decade to better understand the ecology and evolution ofLednia, including the identification of 140Lednia-containing streams (an increase from 12 streams in 2010), and a more complete understanding of the degree to which warming streams may imperil species in the genus. In light of the ESA listing ofL. tumana, we show that similar conservation threats likely face all extantLedniaspecies. However, substantial gaps in our knowledge remain, primarily centering around their distributions (and the potential for as yet undescribed species), life history, ecophysiology, and trophic ecology. We conclude by describing pressing questions forLedniathat when addressed will expand knowledge of the genus and its conservation as well as broader understanding of climate risks to mountain stream biodiversity worldwide.