Marmosets: A Neuroscientific Model of Human Social Behavior.
Marmosets: A Neuroscientific Model of Human Social Behavior.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuron.2016.03.018
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发表时间：
2016-04-20
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
Wang X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller CT;Freiwald WA;Leopold DA;Mitchell JF;Silva AC;Wang X
最近，常见的绒猴(Callithrix Jacchus)作为未来神经科学研究的强大模型引起了人们的兴趣。这种兴奋在很大程度上集中在物种的生殖生物学和与基因编辑技术的兼容性上，这些技术共同为转基因绒猴提供了一条为疾病研究和基本大脑机制做出贡献的途径。与技术进步同步的是需要建立实验范例，以最佳地利用绒猴的行为和认知能力。虽然在常规测试范式上，猕猴的条件性任务表现不如恒河猴，但它的社会认知和沟通能力更接近人类。例如，绒猴是少数几种灵长类动物中的一员，它们和人类一样，经常结对并合作照顾它们的幼崽。它们还明显地亲社会，并表现出模仿等社会认知能力，这在类人猿之外是罕见的。在这篇综述中，我们描述了绒猴自然社会行为的关键方面，并展示了新兴的行为范式非常适合于分离与人类高度相关的绒猴认知成分。这些方法通常包含自然行为和交流，这在传统的灵长类测试中是罕见的，因此允许对灵长类社会认知和交流背后的神经机制进行新的考虑。我们预计，通过平行的技术和聚合进步，绒猴将成为人类社会行为的基本模式，包括它在几乎所有神经精神障碍中的功能障碍。
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has garnered interest recently as a powerful model for the future of neuroscience research. Much of this excitement has centered on the species’ reproductive biology and compatibility with gene editing techniques, which together have provided a path for transgenic marmosets to contribute to the study of disease as well as basic brain mechanisms. In step with technical advances is the need to establish experimental paradigms that optimally tap into the marmosets’ behavioral and cognitive capacities. While conditioned task performance of a marmoset can compare unfavorably with rhesus monkey performance on conventional testing paradigms, marmosets’ social cognition and communication are more similar to that of humans. For example, marmosets are amongst only a handful of primates that, like humans, routinely pair bond and care cooperatively for their young. They are also notably pro-social and exhibit social cognitive abilities, such as imitation, that are rare outside of the Apes. In this review, we describe key facets of marmoset natural social behavior and demonstrate that emerging behavioral paradigms are well suited to isolate components of marmoset cognition that are highly relevant to humans. These approaches generally embrace natural behavior and communication, which has been rare in conventional primate testing, and thus allow for a new consideration of neural mechanisms underlying primate social cognition and communication. We anticipate that through parallel technical and paradigmatic advances, marmosets will become an essential model of human social behavior, including its dysfunction in nearly all neuropsychiatric disorders.