Alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibits TMPRSS2 protease activity and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibits TMPRSS2 protease activity and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-021-21972-0
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发表时间:
2021-03-19
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Münch J
Münch J
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wettstein L;Weil T;Conzelmann C;Müller JA;Groß R;Hirschenberger M;Seidel A;Klute S;Zech F;Prelli Bozzo C;Preising N;Fois G;Lochbaum R;Knaff PM;Mailänder V;Ständker L;Thal DR;Schumann C;Stenger S;Kleger A;Lochnit G;Mayer B;Ruiz-Blanco YB;Hoffmann M;Sparrer KMJ;Pöhlmann S;Sanchez-Garcia E;Kirchhoff F;Frick M;Münch J

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SARS-CoV-2是一种呼吸道病原体,主要感染呼吸道上皮。由于我们对SARS-CoV-2呼吸道天然免疫因子的了解有限,我们构建并筛选了一个来源于支气管肺泡灌洗液的多肽/蛋白质文库,以寻找SARS-CoV-2尖峰驱动的进入抑制物。对抗病毒组分的分析表明,存在α1-抗胰蛋白酶(α1AT),这是一种高度丰富的循环丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制物。在这里,我们报道了α-1AT在生理浓度下抑制SARS-CoV-2进入,并抑制病毒在细胞系和原代细胞中的复制,包括人呼吸道上皮细胞培养。我们进一步证明了α1AT结合并失活了丝氨酸蛋白酶TMPRSS2,该酶为膜融合的SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白提供了酶促反应。因此,急性时相蛋白α1AT是TMPRSS2和SARS-CoV-2进入的抑制因子,可能在对新型冠状病毒的天然免疫防御中发挥重要作用。我们的研究结果表明,α1AT药物的再利用对新冠肺炎的治疗有一定的前景。在这里,通过从支气管肺泡灌洗液中筛选多肽文库,作者鉴定并鉴定了α1-抗胰蛋白酶(α1AT)为SARS-CoV-2抑制剂,并表明α1AT结合并失活丝氨酸蛋白酶TMPRSS2,该酶为SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白的膜融合提供酶学基础。
SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory pathogen and primarily infects the airway epithelium. As our knowledge about innate immune factors of the respiratory tract against SARS-CoV-2 is limited, we generated and screened a peptide/protein library derived from bronchoalveolar lavage for inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 spike-driven entry. Analysis of antiviral fractions revealed the presence of α1-antitrypsin (α1AT), a highly abundant circulating serine protease inhibitor. Here, we report that α1AT inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry at physiological concentrations and suppresses viral replication in cell lines and primary cells including human airway epithelial cultures. We further demonstrate that α1AT binds and inactivates the serine protease TMPRSS2, which enzymatically primes the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for membrane fusion. Thus, the acute phase protein α1AT is an inhibitor of TMPRSS2 and SARS-CoV-2 entry, and may play an important role in the innate immune defense against the novel coronavirus. Our findings suggest that repurposing of α1AT-containing drugs has prospects for the therapy of COVID-19. Here, via screening of a polypeptide library from bronchoalveolar lavage, the authors identify and characterize α1-antitrypsin (α1AT) as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor and show that α1AT binds and inactivates the serine protease TMPRSS2, which enzymatically primes the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for membrane fusion.
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