Trade-Off Characterization Between Social and Environmental Impacts Using Agent-Based Product Adoption Models and Life Cycle Assessment
Trade-Off Characterization Between Social and Environmental Impacts Using Agent-Based Product Adoption Models and Life Cycle Assessment
复制标题
使用基于代理的产品采用模型和生命周期评估来权衡社会和环境影响之间的特征
DOI：
10.1115/1.4056006
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Weaver, Jason M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liechty, Joseph C.;Mabey, Christopher S.;Mattson, Christopher A.;Salmon, John L.;Weaver, Jason M.
有效地实现联合国（UN）可持续发展目标需要设计师和工程师解决多目标优化问题，涉及社会，环境和经济影响之间的权衡。本文提出了一种方法，设计师和工程师量化的社会和环境影响的产品在人口水平，然后进行权衡分析这些影响。在这种方法中，设计师和工程师定义产品的属性以及产品生命周期中使用的材料和工艺。基于代理的建模（ABM）工具，已开发的产品的社会影响建模相结合的生命周期评估（LCA）工具，已开发的不同过程对环境造成的压力进行评估。然后，设计师和工程师通过寻找非支配的解决方案来评估影响之间的权衡，这些解决方案可以最大限度地减少环境影响，同时最大限度地增加积极和/或减少负面的社会影响。ABM生成的产品采用模型使设计师和工程师能够近似人口水平的环境影响，避免辛普森悖论，在人口水平的影响与个人产品水平的影响时，选择的逆转是首选。这种影响分析有可能帮助设计师和工程师创造更有影响力的产品，帮助实现联合国可持续发展目标。
Meeting the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals efficiently requires designers and engineers to solve multi-objective optimization problems involving trade-offs between social, environmental, and economical impacts. This paper presents an approach for designers and engineers to quantify the social and environmental impacts of a product at a population level and then perform a trade-off analysis between those impacts. In this approach, designers and engineers define the attributes of the product as well as the materials and processes used in the product’s life cycle. Agent-based modeling (ABM) tools that have been developed to model the social impacts of products are combined with life cycle assessment (LCA) tools that have been developed to evaluate the pressures that different processes create on the environment. Designers and engineers then evaluate the trade-offs between impacts by finding non-dominated solutions that minimize environmental impacts while maximizing positive and/or minimizing negative social impacts. Product adoption models generated by ABM allow designers and engineers to approximate population level environmental impacts and avoid Simpson’s paradox, where a reversal in choices is preferred when looking at the population level impacts versus the individual product-level impacts. This analysis of impacts has the potential to help designers and engineers create more impactful products that aid in reaching the UN sustainable development goals.