Enteroendocrine cell differentiation and function in the intestine.
Enteroendocrine cell differentiation and function in the intestine.
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DOI：
10.1097/med.0000000000000709
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发表时间：
2022-04-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Wells, James M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sanchez, J. Guillermo;Enriquez, Jacob R.;Wells, James M.
肠内分泌细胞（EECs）是一种特殊的激素分泌细胞，对循环和管腔信号都有反应。总的来说，EEC构成了身体最大的内分泌器官，并向许多靶点发出信号，包括局部向邻近的肠细胞、肠神经元发出信号，以及全身性地向其他器官如胰腺和大脑发出信号。为了实现其广泛的下游信号传导作用，EEC分泌多种激素;然而，影响胚胎EEC发育和成人分化的机制尚未明确。本文综述了EEC分化和功能的最新发现，同时也讨论了新发现的转录因子和信号网络参与EEC亚型的分配，发现使用新的肠道模型系统和基因测序相结合的作用。我们还讨论了这些新的实验模型的潜力，这些模型研究调节EEC功能和发育的机制，以发现新的治疗靶点。几种EEC激素被用于治疗各种代谢紊乱，如2型糖尿病和肥胖症。因此，了解促进EEC形成的信号通路和基因调控网络对于开发新疗法至关重要。
The intestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are specialized hormone secreting cells that respond to both circulating and luminal cues. Collectively, EECs constitute the largest endocrine organ of the body and signal to a multitude of targets including locally to neighboring intestinal cells, enteric neurons, as well as systemically to other organs such as the pancreas and brain. To accomplish their wide range of downstream signaling effects, EECs secrete multiple hormones; however, the mechanisms that influence EEC development in the embryo and differentiation in adults are not well-defined. This review highlights the recent discoveries in EEC differentiation and function while also discussing newly revealed roles of transcription factors and signaling networks involved in the allocation of EEC subtypes that were discovered using a combination of novel intestinal model systems and genetic sequencing. We also discuss the potential of these new experimental models that study the mechanisms regulating EEC function and development both to uncover novel therapeutic targets. Several EEC hormones are being used to treat various metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks that facilitate EEC formation is paramount to the development of novel therapies.