Guidance for Substantiating the Evidence for Beneficial Effects of Probiotics: Prevention and Management of Allergic Diseases by Probiotics
Guidance for Substantiating the Evidence for Beneficial Effects of Probiotics: Prevention and Management of Allergic Diseases by Probiotics
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DOI：
10.3945/jn.109.113761
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Mercenier, Annick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kalliomaki, Marko;Antoine, Jean-Michel;Mercenier, Annick
变态反应是由特异性抗体介导或细胞介导的免疫机制介导的超敏反应，临床表现为特应性湿疹、过敏性鼻结膜炎或哮喘。近几十年来，由于环境因素的变化，过敏症的患病率有所增加。所谓的“卫生假说”表明，儿童早期缺乏微生物刺激是造成这一趋势的主要因素。这为使用益生菌来改变肠道微生物群，从而塑造宿主的免疫反应提供了理论基础，特别是在婴儿期。特应性湿疹的一级预防已取得了很大成功。数量有限的研究也提供了不同益生菌在过敏性疾病（特应性湿疹，过敏性鼻炎）管理中的有益效果的证据。然而，益生菌菌株的选择以及干预的时机是重要的变量。益生菌在塑造免疫反应中的确切体内机制仍需确定。未来的研究应使用统一的标准来诊断和症状评分的特应性疾病，并可能确定易感基因过敏性疾病。有令人鼓舞的证据表明，特定的益生菌可以成为预防和管理过敏性疾病的宝贵工具。J.营养140：713S-721S，2010.
Allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction mediated by specific antibody-mediated or cell-mediated immunologic mechanisms and clinically manifested as atopic eczema, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, or asthma. During the recent decades there has been an increase in allergy prevalence, which is attributed to changes in environmental factors. The so-called "hygiene hypothesis' suggests that a lack of exposure to microbial stimulus early in childhood is a major factor involved in this trend. This provides a rationale for using probiotics to modify the gut microbiota and thereby shaping the immune response of the host, especially in infancy. Most success has been obtained in primary prevention of atopic eczema. A limited number of studies also provided evidence for a beneficial effect of different probiotics in the management of allergic diseases (atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis). However, choice of probiotic strains as well as timing of the intervention are important variables. The exact in vivo mechanism of probiotics in shaping the immune response still needs to be determined. Future studies should use uniform criteria for diagnosis and symptom scoring of atopic diseases and may identify the genes predisposing to allergic disease. There is encouraging evidence that specific probiotics can become valuable tools in the prevention and management of allergic diseases. J. Nutr. 140: 713S-721S, 2010.