Diversity and Ecological Correlates of Red Fluorescence in Marine Fishes
Diversity and Ecological Correlates of Red Fluorescence in Marine Fishes
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DOI：
10.3389/fevo.2016.00126
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Michiels, Nico K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anthes, Nils;Theobald, Jennifer;Michiels, Nico K.
深度在-10到-25米以下的海洋环境几乎没有环境中的红色阳光，因为水会迅速衰减长波长。这种窄谱光环境为生物提供了独特的机会，可以通过荧光将环境中的蓝绿光转化为红光。许多海洋鱼类显示出错综复杂的荧光图案。由于色觉是鱼类感觉生态的重要组成部分，红色荧光的几种可能的视觉功能已被提出，但很难在实验中进行测试。在这里，我们采用比较的方法来评估红色荧光的系统发育分布与其假定功能之间的一致性。我们收集和分析了迄今为止最大的鱼类红色荧光数据集，包括来自90个调查鱼类科中的49个和21个调查鱼类目中的12个鱼类的272个主要是昼夜活动的鱼类物种的确诊病例，与之形成对比的是393个鱼类物种确认没有红色荧光。基于关于适应功能的先验假设，我们比较了基于生态或生物学特征的预先定义的物种集合中红色荧光的流行率，同时控制了共同的祖先。在物种间比较时，我们没有发现红色荧光在深水物种中更普遍的证据，而我们最近的发现是荧光亮度随着物种内的深度增加而增加。也没有证据表明他们在群体驱动的沟通中扮演了角色。然而，系统发育模式与其他三个预测是一致的。首先，在坐以待毙的捕食者或以其他方式久坐不动的鱼类中，全身分布相当斑驳的荧光明显比更多活动的物种更频繁地出现，这与伪装的背景匹配一致。其次，小型捕食性鱼类倾向于不成比例地显示红色荧光虹膜，通常与所提出的猎物定位功能一致。最后，性二型物种更频繁地显示荧光鳍，如果与性交流有关，就像预测的那样。从这些发现，我们得出了对红色荧光假定功能的实验研究的预测。
Marine environments at depths below -10 to -25 m are almost devoid of ambient red sunlight because water quickly attenuates long wavelengths. This stenospectral light environment presents unique opportunities for organisms that can transform ambient blue-green light into red light by fluorescence. Numerous marine fish species display intricate patterns of fluorescence. Because color vision is a key component of fish sensory ecology, several putative visual functions of red fluorescence have been proposed but are difficult to test experimentally. Here, we follow a comparative approach to assess the consistency between the phylogenetic distribution of red fluorescence with its presumed functions. We collected and analyzed the largest data set of red fluorescence in fishes to date, consisting of confirmed cases in 272 primarily diurnal fish species from 49 out of 90 surveyed fish families and 12 out of 21 surveyed fish orders, contrasted to 393 fish species with confirmed absence of red fluorescence. Based on a priori hypotheses on adaptive function, we compare the prevalence of red fluorescence among pre-defined sets of species based on ecological or biological characteristics while controlling for shared ancestry. When comparing between species, we find no evidence that red fluorescence is more prevalent in deep-water species, contrasting with our recent finding that fluorescence brightness increases with depth within species. There is also no evidence for a role in group-driven communication. Phylogenetic patterns are consistent, however, with three other predictions. First, fluorescence with a rather patchy distribution across the body occurred significantly more often among sit-and-wait predators or otherwise sedentary fish than in more mobile species, consistent with background matching for camouflage. Second, small, predatory fishes tended to show red fluorescent irides disproportionally often consistent with a proposed function in prey localization. Finally, sexually dimorphic species showed fluorescent fins more often, as predicted if relevant in sexual communication. From these findings, we derive predictions for experimental investigations of the presumed functions of red fluorescence.