MicroRNAs in Cancer
MicroRNAs in Cancer
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-11985-4_10
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Evangelista;M. Marques
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Evangelista;M. Marques
microRNAs（miRNAs）在转录后水平调节信使RNA（mRNAs）的表达。这些分子是小的非编码RNA（约19-24个核苷酸），负责微调基因表达，并影响其mRNA靶标翻译的稳定性和效率。一些研究已经提出miRNA表达谱与癌发生过程相关。miRNAs介导肿瘤进展的机制最近才得到解决。miRNA在所有类型的癌症中表现出双重作用，这取决于它们的表达状态，即，上调或下调。因此，miRNA可以作为致癌基因（oncomirs）或肿瘤抑制因子。在这种情况下，最近的研究结果表明，循环miRNA作为非侵入性预后和治疗生物标志物在癌症治疗的筛选或监测中的潜力。最后，在过去的几年中，已经开发了大量的生物信息学方法和工具来进行miRNA分析，以揭示人类癌症中由miRNA介导的翻译调控过程，并鉴定其相关的mRNA靶标。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) at the posttranscriptional level. These molecules are small noncoding RNAs (approximately 19–24 nucleotides) responsible for fine-tuning gene expression and influencing the stability and efficiency of translation of their mRNA targets. Several studies have proposed that miRNAs expression profiles are associated with the carcinogenesis process. The mechanisms mediating tumor progression exerted by miRNAs have been addressed only recently. miRNAs exhibit a dual role in all types of cancer depending on their expression status, i.e., up- or downregulated. Thus, miRNAs may act as oncogenes (oncomirs) or tumor suppressors. In this context, recent findings suggest the potential of circulating miRNAs in the screening or monitoring of cancer treatment as noninvasive prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers. Finally, a large number of bioinformatics methods and tools to perform miRNAs analyses have been developed in the last years to unravel the translational regulation process mediated by the miRNAs in human cancers and to identify their associated mRNA targets.