Regulatory non-coding RNAs in pluripotent stem cells.
Regulatory non-coding RNAs in pluripotent stem cells.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms140714346
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发表时间：
2013-07-11
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Brivanlou AH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rosa A;Brivanlou AH
我们基因组的大部分编码RNA转录本，但从未翻译成蛋白质。这些包括具有调节功能的RNA分子家族，其可以任意细分为短（小于200个核苷酸）和长非编码RNA（ncRNA）。MicroRNA属于第一类，在转录后发挥作用以抑制靶mRNA的功能。第二组包括多外显子和多腺苷酸化的长ncRNA（lncRNA），其位于细胞核中，在那里它们可以与染色质重塑复合物结合以调节转录，或者位于细胞质中，充当转录后调节因子。多能干细胞，如胚胎干细胞（ESC）或诱导多能干细胞（iPSC），代表了用于模拟正常发育和人类疾病的有用系统，以及再生医学的有前途的工具。然而，为了充分挖掘它们的潜力，深入了解茎的分子基础是至关重要的。近年来，越来越多的证据表明ncRNA在多能细胞中的调节重要性。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论最近的研究结果指出，在ESC和iPSCs中，它们与信号通路，转录调控电路和表观遗传因子一起调节多能性和分化之间的平衡，调节ncRNA发挥的多种作用。
The most part of our genome encodes for RNA transcripts are never translated into proteins. These include families of RNA molecules with a regulatory function, which can be arbitrarily subdivided in short (less than 200 nucleotides) and long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). MicroRNAs, which act post-transcriptionally to repress the function of target mRNAs, belong to the first group. Included in the second group are multi-exonic and polyadenylated long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), localized either in the nucleus, where they can associate with chromatin remodeling complexes to regulate transcription, or in the cytoplasm, acting as post-transcriptional regulators. Pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), represent useful systems for modeling normal development and human diseases, as well as promising tools for regenerative medicine. To fully explore their potential, however, a deep understanding of the molecular basis of stemness is crucial. In recent years, increasing evidence of the importance of regulation by ncRNAs in pluripotent cells is accumulating. In this review, we will discuss recent findings pointing to multiple roles played by regulatory ncRNAs in ESC and iPSCs, where they act in concert with signaling pathways, transcriptional regulatory circuitries and epigenetic factors to modulate the balance between pluripotency and differentiation.
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