Climate Change and Cities: Cities and climate change
Climate Change and Cities: Cities and climate change
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DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511783142.015
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发表时间：
2011-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. McCarney;Hilda Blanco;J. Carmin;Michelle Colley
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文献类型：
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作者：
P. McCarney;Hilda Blanco;J. Carmin;Michelle Colley
在城市中制定和实施有效的气候行动是城市治理的一系列核心挑战。本章论述了如果城市和国家要成功应对气候变化的挑战，就需要对世界各地的城市进行赋权治理。在制定和实施气候行动方面，城市政府在许多方面受到限制。许多城市政府由于对关键公共服务的权力和责任有限而被削弱，包括规划，住房，道路和交通系统，水，土地使用，排水，废物管理和建筑标准资源（McCarney，2009）。在亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲许多最贫穷的城市，城市的非正规地区没有基本服务，如废物收集、自来水、雨水和地表排水以及卫生系统。虽然所有城市及其居民都面临风险，但最贫穷的城市和最脆弱的人口最有可能承受风暴、洪水、热浪和全球气候变化预计产生的其他影响的最大负担。市政府往往缺乏权力（相对于州和国家的更高级别政府）来筹集基础设施投资和应对气候变化议程所需的收入。当治理能力薄弱和受到制约时，城市采取减缓和适应气候变化方案行动的能力就会受到限制。
Introduction Formulating and implementing effective climate action in cities poses a core set of challenges for city governance. This chapter addresses the need for an empowered governance of cities worldwide, if cities and nations are to successfully confront the challenges of climate change. City governments are constrained on a number of fronts when it comes to formulating and implementing climate action. Many city governments are weakened due to only limited power over and responsibility for key public services, including planning, housing, roads and transportation systems, water, land use, drainage, waste management, and building standards resources (McCarney, 2009). In many of the poorest cities of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, informal areas of the city do not have basic services such as waste collection, piped water, storm and surface drains, and sanitation systems. While all cities and their inhabitants are at risk, the poorest cities and the most vulnerable populations are most likely to bear the greatest burden of the storms, flooding, heat waves, and other impacts anticipated to emerge from global climate change. City governments often lack powers (with respect to higher orders of government – state and national) to raise the revenues required to finance infrastructure investments and address the climate change agenda. When governance capacity is weak and constrained, cities are limited in their abilities to take programmatic action on climate change mitigation and adaptation.