Visuo-tactile integration in autism: atypical temporal binding may underlie greater reliance on proprioceptive information.
Visuo-tactile integration in autism: atypical temporal binding may underlie greater reliance on proprioceptive information.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13229-015-0045-9
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Newport R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greenfield K;Ropar D;Smith AD;Carey M;Newport R
有证据表明，自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的社会功能缺陷和感觉敏感性与非典型感觉统合有关。这些整合困难背后的确切机制尚不清楚；然而，两个主要的解释是（1）过度依赖本体感觉和（2）非典型的视觉触觉时间绑定。我们通过有选择地操纵本体感受对齐和视觉触觉同步来直接测试这些理论，以评估这些理论对身体所有权的影响程度。患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和典型的控制能力发育的儿童将他们的手放入多感官错觉装置中，该装置在与他们实际的手相同的平面上呈现出他们自己的手的两个相同的实时视频图像。一只虚拟手与真实手（真实手）本体感觉对齐，另一只虚拟手向左或向右移动。当对参与者的实际（隐藏）手进行笔触时，他们观察到自己的手的两个虚拟图像也被抚摸，并被要求识别他们的真实手。在刷牙过程中，三种不同的时间延迟之一被应用于移位的手或真实的手。因此，只有一只虚拟手具有同步视觉触觉输入。结果表明，在正常发育的儿童中，视觉触觉同步性会取代不一致的本体感受输入，但在自闭症儿童中则不然。讨论了时间延长的视觉触觉结合和对本体感觉更大依赖的证据。这是第一项为自闭症谱系障碍患者视觉触觉结合时间延长提供明确证据的研究。这可能会导致对模态特定信息（即本体感觉）的非模态输入（即时间同步）的处理减少。这可能会导致无法正确结合相关事件的信息，从而影响对感官刺激、身体表征和社会过程（如同理心和模仿）的敏感性。
Evidence indicates that social functioning deficits and sensory sensitivities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are related to atypical sensory integration. The exact mechanisms underlying these integration difficulties are unknown; however, two leading accounts are (1) an over-reliance on proprioception and (2) atypical visuo-tactile temporal binding. We directly tested these theories by selectively manipulating proprioceptive alignment and visuo-tactile synchrony to assess the extent that these impact upon body ownership. Children with ASD and typically developing controls placed their hand into a multisensory illusion apparatus, which presented two, identical live video images of their own hand in the same plane as their actual hand. One virtual hand was aligned proprioceptively with the actual hand (the veridical hand), and the other was displaced to the left or right. While a brushstroke was applied to the participants’ actual (hidden) hand, they observed the two virtual images of their hand also being stroked and were asked to identify their real hand. During brushing, one of three different temporal delays was applied to either the displaced hand or the veridical hand. Thus, only one virtual hand had synchronous visuo-tactile inputs. Results showed that visuo-tactile synchrony overrides incongruent proprioceptive inputs in typically developing children but not in autistic children. Evidence for both temporally extended visuo-tactile binding and a greater reliance on proprioception are discussed. This is the first study to provide definitive evidence for temporally extended visuo-tactile binding in ASD. This may result in reduced processing of amodal inputs (i.e. temporal synchrony) over modal-specific information (i.e. proprioception). This would likely lead to failures in appropriately binding information from related events, which would impact upon sensitivity to sensory stimuli, body representation and social processes such as empathy and imitation.