Continuous chemical monitoring with osmotically pumped water samplers: OsmoSampler design and applications
Continuous chemical monitoring with osmotically pumped water samplers: OsmoSampler design and applications
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DOI：
10.4319/lom.2004.2.102
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发表时间：
2004-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Jannasch;C. Wheat;J. Plant;M. Kastner;D. Stakes
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文献类型：
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作者：
H. Jannasch;C. Wheat;J. Plant;M. Kastner;D. Stakes
长期离心泵流体采样器或OsmoSampler的开发是为了可靠和自动地连续收集小体积水样，用于监测远程位置的水环境长达数年。OsmoSampler提供连续的毫升大小的样品，当进行分析时，可以产生各种溶解组分的高分辨率时间序列。这些仪器填补了自动取样器或原位分析仪尚未解决的重要空白。OsmoSampler可根据流量和持续时间进行定制，以解决众多科学问题。采样器由一个渗透泵组成，可将液体样品连续吸入一个长的小口径试管中。因此，它们非常简单，可靠，并且既不需要电力也不需要移动部件。在回收时，从样品管的子部分提取流体样品，其中每个子部分整合离散的时间间隔。然后分析带时间戳的子样品中的感兴趣的化学物质。通过使用小口径管路（内径0.5至1.2 mm）和低流速（0.1至12 mL d − 1），将静态和动态扩散和混合导致的样品涂抹保持在最低限度。理论和实验室实验表明，样品涂抹并不显着大于从静态扩散单独计算。OsmoSamplers已经在实验室进行了测试，并部署在海上。实验室测试和现场部署的结果说明了初步结果和潜在的应用。
Long‐term osmotically pumped fluid samplers, or OsmoSamplers, were developed to reliably and autonomously collect continuous small‐volume water samples for monitoring aqueous environments in remote locations for up to several years. OsmoSamplers provide sequential milliliter‐size samples that, when analyzed, yield high‐resolution time‐series for a wide range of dissolved components. These instruments fill an important niche that has not been addressed by automated samplers or in situ analyzers. OsmoSamplers can be customized for flow rate and duration for addressing numerous scientific questions. The samplers consist of an osmotic pump that continuously pulls fluid sample into a long small‐bore tube. They are thus extremely simple, reliable, and require neither electrical power nor moving parts. Upon recovery, fluid samples are extracted from subsections of the sample tubing, where each subsection integrates a discrete time interval. The time‐stamped subsamples are then analyzed for chemical species of interest. Sample smearing due to static and dynamic diffusion and mixing is kept to a minimum by the use of small‐bore tubing (0.5 to 1.2 mm inside diameter) and low flow rates (0.1 to 12 mL d−1). Theory and laboratory experiments show that sample smearing is not significantly greater than that calculated from static diffusion alone. OsmoSamplers have been tested in the laboratory and deployed at sea. Results from laboratory tests and field deployments illustrate initial results and potential applications.