Histochemical strategies in the study of neural evolution.
Histochemical strategies in the study of neural evolution.
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神经进化研究中的组织化学策略。
DOI：
10.1159/000115301
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Brauth,SE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brauth,SE
使用组织化学方法，包括酶组织化学，免疫组织化学和路径追踪方法，作为工具来检验有关神经进化机制的假说进行了审查。已经提出了许多假说来解释神经进化的各个方面，包括脑化的发生，同源细胞群的数量变化，神经元群排列、定向和包裹成细胞结构单位的变化，以及新的神经元表型的出现。有人认为，神经进化必须被视为一组协调的变化，在神经回路，而不是作为一组离散的事件。为了说明的目的，目前的讨论集中在使用组织化学方法在测试的假设，神经进化的基底神经节系统的阿氏。三个问题领域被认为是：（1）在黑质内的儿茶酚胺能和非儿茶酚胺能神经元的排列和组织的差异的基础;（2）尾侧黑质细胞群的相对大小和神经递质组织的差异和（3）苍白球传出系统组织的差异，包括苍白球-前顶盖和苍白球-丘脑投射系统的组织。此外，还考虑了比较数据在构建关于这种变化的适应意义的假设中的作用。
The use of histochemical methods, including enzyme histochemical, inmunohistochemical and pathway tracing methods, as tools for testing hypotheses about the mechanism of neural evolution is reviewed. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain aspects of neural evolution, including the occurrence of encephalization, quantitative changes in homologous cell populations, changes in the alignment, orientation and parcellation of neuronal populations into cytoarchitectonic units, and the appearance of new neuronal phenotypes. It is argued here that neural evolution must be viewed as a set of coordinated changes in neural circuits, rather than as a set of discrete events. For illustrative purposes the present discussion focuses on the use of histochemical methods in testings hypotheses about neural evolution in the basal ganglia system of amniotes. Three problem areas are considered: the bases for (1) differences in the alignment and organization of catecholaminergic and noncatecholaminergic neurons into cytoarchitectonic fields within the substantia nigra; (2) differences in the relative size and neurotransmitter organization of the caudal nigral cell groups and (3) differences in the organization of pallidal efferent systems, including the organization of pallidal-pretectal and pallidal-thalamic projection systems. Furthermore, the role of comparative data in framing hypotheses concerning the adaptive significance of such changes is also considered.