Agricultural Technologies of Terraced Rice Cultivation in the Ailao Mountains, Yunnan, China
Agricultural Technologies of Terraced Rice Cultivation in the Ailao Mountains, Yunnan, China
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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
Adachi Shimpei
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作者：
Adachi Shimpei
沿着中国西南部云南省哀牢山的山坡，哈尼和彝族等民族在过去几百年里开发了令人印象深刻的梯田景观。他们密集的梯田水稻种植与热带山区的主要农业模式轮垦形成鲜明对比。本研究旨在从农业技术的角度，阐明哀牢山梯田种植多年来是如何发展和维持的。在水稻梯田种植中，相当大的努力是为了保护稻田。在旱季，即使没有作物生长，大部分梯田也会被淹没。这种旱季灌溉有助于防止梯田的坍塌，与各种农业工程密切相关。当地团体维护的长距离渠道灌溉系统确保了旱季的供水。另一方面，在雨季，保护稻田免受过量水分的影响是主要问题。无论是在渠道还是梯田中，都可以看到各种排水设施。水稻梯田的灌溉不仅是为了给水稻提供水分，而且还有其他各种目的。除了保护梯田，全年灌溉的独特做法发挥了许多重要作用，包括储存水分，保持水稻生长的有利土壤条件，并为各种食用水生动物提供栖息地。总之，哀牢山梯田水稻种植是由各种类型的技术支持的，特别是与灌溉和排水有关的技术，这些技术在梯田水稻田中具有特殊意义。
Along the slopes of the Ailao Mountains in Yunnan Province, Southwest China, ethnic groups such as the Hani and Yi have developed an impressive landscape of terraced paddy fi elds over the past several hundred years. Their intensive terraced rice cultivation stands in striking contrast to shifting cultivation, the predominant mode of agriculture in tropical mountain areas. This study aims to clarify how terraced rice cultivation has been developed and sustained over many years in the Ailao Mountains from the viewpoint of agricultural technology. In terraced rice cultivation, considerable effort is paid to the preservation of paddy fi elds. In the dry season, most of the terraced paddy fi elds are kept inundated even when no crop is grown. This dry season irrigation helps to prevent the collapse of the terrace, in close relationship with various farming works. The long-distance channel irrigation systems maintained by local groups have secured a dry season water supply. In the wet season, on the other hand, protection of paddy fi elds from excess water is the major concern. Many kinds of drainage facilities can be observed both in the irrigation channel and in the terraced paddy fi eld. Irrigation in terraced rice cultivation is designed not only for supplying water to rice plants but has various other purposes as well. In addition to the protection of terraced paddy fi elds, the unique practice of year-round irrigation plays many important roles, including storing water, maintaining favorable soil conditions for rice growth and providing a habitat for various edible aquatic animals. In conclusion, the terraced rice cultivation in the Ailao Mountains has been sustained by various types of technology, related in particular to irrigation and drainage, which have special bearing in the terraced paddy fi eld.