Dynamic life cycle economic and environmental assessment of residential solar photovoltaic systems.
Dynamic life cycle economic and environmental assessment of residential solar photovoltaic systems.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137932
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发表时间：
2020-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mingcheng Ren;Clayton R. Mitchell;W. Mo
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文献类型：
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作者：
Mingcheng Ren;Clayton R. Mitchell;W. Mo
随着太阳能光伏系统的日益普及，需要综合的方法和工具来动态评估其在不同时空背景下的经济和环境成本和效益。本研究将系统动力学建模与生命周期评估和生命周期成本评估相结合，以评估住宅并网（GC）和独立（SA）太阳能光伏系统的累积能源需求，碳足迹，水足迹和生命周期成本。系统动力学模型专门用于模拟太阳能光伏使用阶段的每小时太阳能发电、使用和储存。然后将建模框架应用于马萨诸塞州波士顿的住宅原型房屋，以研究各种PV板和电池尺寸的情况。当考虑SA设计时，在原型室中使用20个不带电池的面板可以实现最大的生命周期经济节约，与基于工程经验法则（40个面板和40个电池）的基线系统相比，其生命周期经济节约增加了511.6%，但满足的需求减少了55.7%。然而，优化的环境性能是通过更大的面板（高达300个单元）和电池（高达320个单元）尺寸实现的。这些优化配置使基准系统的生命周期环境节约提高了64.6%，但生命周期经济节约显著降低了6868.4%。有一个明确的环境和经济权衡时，规模的SA系统。在考虑GC系统设计时，不安装电池时的经济效益和环境效益均最高，且效益随面板尺寸的增大而增大。然而，当电网销售的限制/上限等政策约束到位时，权衡将出现是否安装电池用于多余的能量存储。
With the increasing implementation of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, comprehensive methods and tools are required to dynamically assess their economic and environmental costs and benefits under varied spatial and temporal contexts. This study integrated system dynamics modeling with life cycle assessment and life cycle cost assessment to evaluate the cumulative energy demand, carbon footprint, water footprint, and life cycle cost of residential grid-connected (GC) and standalone (SA) solar PV systems. The system dynamics model was specifically used for simulating the hourly solar energy generation, use, and storage during the use phase of the solar PVs. The modeling framework was then applied to a residential prototype house in Boston, MA to investigate various PV panel and battery sizing scenarios. When the SA design is under consideration, the maximum life cycle economic saving can be achieved with 20 panels with no battery in the prototype house, which increases the life cycle economic savings by 511.6% as compared to a baseline system sized based upon the engineering rule-of-thumb (40 panels and 40 batteries), yet decreases the demand met by 55.7%. However, the optimized environmental performance was achieved with significantly larger panel (up to 300 units) and battery (up to 320 units) sizes. These optimized configurations increase the life cycle environmental savings of the baseline system byup to 64.6%, but significantly decrease the life cycle economic saving by up to 6868.4%. There is a clear environmental and economic tradeoff when sizing the SA systems. When the GC system design is under consideration, both the economic and environmental benefits are the highest when no battery is installed, and the benefits increase with the increase of panel size. However, when policy constraints such as limitations/caps of grid sell are in place, tradeoffs would present as whether or not to install batteries for excess energy storage.