"Drawdown: The Most Comprehensive Plan Ever Proposed to Reverse Global Warming" by Paul Hawken, 2016. [book review]
"Drawdown: The Most Comprehensive Plan Ever Proposed to Reverse Global Warming" by Paul Hawken, 2016. [book review]
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“缩减：有史以来为扭转全球变暖而提出的最全面的计划”，Paul Hawken，2016 年。[书评]
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
B. Tegler
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作者：
B. Tegler
气候变化是一个复杂的、多尺度的问题，需要在其社会、伦理、环境、经济和政治驱动因素、影响和解决方案的背景下进行讨论。缩编是一个新兴对话的一部分，它清楚地确定了可行的解决方案，同时也提出了关于找到我们的道德指南针的难题：我们希望人类有什么样的未来？如何才能更公平地分享财富？我们如何为人类和所有生物多样性创造一个宜居的星球？这本书是一个可靠的，以科学为基础的解决方案，旨在停止，更重要的是，逆转人为造成的温室气体（GHG）排放的汇编。因此，他们称之为“下降”，他们说，如果我们要成功地防止气候变化的灾难性影响，我们就需要接受这一点。这本书避免了行话和首字母缩略词，提供了一个简单的语言，直接讨论了80个可能的解决方案，标题下的能源，粮食，妇女和女孩，建筑和城市，土地使用，交通和材料。还有20个即将到来的景点认识到这是一个新兴的解决方案领域，其中一些可能会工作，其他人没有。尽管如此，仍在认真努力寻找解决办法！Project Drawdown的一长串杰出的“研究员”和“顾问”（提供简短的传记）根据他们在30年（2020年至2050年）内可以减少或消除的二氧化碳的数量，选择并排名了80个可行的气候解决方案。你会惊讶于前三名的解决方案：1.制冷剂管理（作为气候变化的驱动因素，氟氯化碳和氟氯烃比二氧化碳强1000至9000倍，全球空调和制冷使用量正在增加）; 2.风力涡轮机-陆上（被认为是目前成本最低的新发电能力来源）;以及3。减少食物浪费（提高效率可以减少与农业和食品生产和运输相关的排放，并通过防止不必要的森林砍伐来增加碳储存）。据称，所提供的数字是保守的估计，认识到模拟的情景在潜在成本下降的情况下甚至可以做得更好（例如，太阳能电池板）、新技术以及我们穿上背心的意愿。对于大多数解决方案，还列出了30年分析期间的实施“净成本”（购买、安装、运营）和“净节省”（根据解决方案的成本与采用“一切照旧”办法相比）。成本效益是高度可变的，它与温室气体减排量无关：对于太阳能发电场，净成本为806亿美元（即，太阳能发电场在出售电力时产生收入）并且比传统发电净节省$5023.8亿;对于电动车辆，净成本为$14148.0亿（人们需要制造、购买和维护汽车）并且净节省$9726.4亿（即，坚持使用传统的内燃机汽车更便宜）。因此，既有明显的明智选择（太阳能农场），也有道德选择（消费者驱动购买电动汽车）。(See http://www.drawdown.org获取与每个解决方案相关的数据、分析和参考。）Drawdown包括一系列主题，以简洁（2-4页）的讨论形式呈现，将吸引广泛的受众。你可以翻阅这本书，选择有趣的部分或专注于特定的领域。你知道吗？泥炭地覆盖了地球陆地表面的3%，其储存的碳量仅次于海洋！“缩编"还包括一些值得注意的文章，如教皇弗朗西斯的通谕信“关于照顾我们共同的家园”的摘录，以及《杂食者的困境》一书的作者迈克尔·波伦关于食物的文章。Drawdown是有启发性的，它不害怕批评自己，暴露数据薄弱或吸收的可能性可能很低，它为气候变化解决方案提供了我们所有人所需的人性化维度，以迎接我们为自己创造的新气候世界所需的新精神。对于那些希望我们能够面对世纪挑战的人来说，强烈建议缩编。
Climate change is a complex, multi-scale issue that needs to be discussed in the context of its social, ethical, environmental, economic and political drivers, impacts, and solutions. Drawdown is part of an emerging conversation that clearly identifies viable solutions while also asking difficult questions about finding our moral compass: What future do we want for humanity? How can wealth be shared more equitably? and How do we create a livable planet for humans and all biodiversity? The book is a compilation of credible, science-based solutions intended to halt and, more importantly, re verse human caused greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Hence the name “Drawdown”, something they say we need to embrace if we are to successfully prevent catastrophic impacts of climate change. The book avoids jargon and acronyms, providing a plain language, straightforward discussion of 80 possible solutions under the headings of Energy, Food, Women and Girls, Buildings and Cities, Land Use, Transport, and Materials. There are also 20 Coming Attractions recognizing this is a field of emerging solutions, some of which might work, others not. Nevertheless, there are serious efforts looking for solutions! Project Drawdown’s long list of distinguished “Fellows” and “Advisors” (short biographies provided) have selected and ranked 80 viable climate solutions based on the number of gigatons of carbon dioxide they can reduce or remove in 30 years (2020 to 2050). You will be surprised at the top three solutions: 1. Refrigerant Management (CFCs and HCFCs are 1000 to 9000 times more potent than carbon dioxide as drivers of climate change, and air conditioning and refrigeration use is on the rise globally); 2. Wind Turbines – onshore (cited as now being the lowest cost source of new electrical capacity); and 3. Reduced Food Waste (efficiency reduces emissions associated with agriculture and food production and transportation, and increases carbon storage by preventing unnecessary deforestation). The numbers presented are said to be conservative estimates, recognizing the modelled scenarios could do even better with potential declining costs (e.g., solar panels), new technologies, and our willingness to in vest. For most solutions the “net cost” of implementation (purchase, install, operate) and “net savings” (based on the cost of the solution compared to following a “business as usual” approach) over the 30 years of analysis are also presented. Cost effectiveness is highly variable and it is not linked to amount of GHG reduction: for solar farms there is a negative net cost of $80.6 billion (i.e., solar farms generate revenue as electricity is sold) and net savings of $5 023.8 billion over conventional electricity generation; for electric vehicles there is a net cost of $14 148.0 billion (people need to manufacture, purchase, and maintain cars) and net savings of $9 726.4 billion (i.e., it’s cheaper to stick with conventional internal combustion engine cars). So there are both obvious smart choices (solar farms) and moral choices (consumer driven purchase of electric cars). (See http://www.drawdown.org for the data, analysis, and references associated with each solution.) Drawdown includes an array of topics presented as concise (2–4 page) discussions that will appeal to a wide audience. You can thumb through the book choosing interesting pieces or focus on specific areas. Did you know peatlands cover 3% of the earth’s land surface and are second only to oceans in the amount of carbon they store! Drawdown also includes some re markable essays, such as an excerpt from Pope Francis’ encyclical letter “on Care for our Common Home” and an essay on food by Michael Pollan, author of The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Drawdown is enlightening, it’s not afraid to criticize itself, exposing data that are weak or probabilities of uptake might be low, and it gives climate change solutions the human dimension needed for us all to em brace the new ethos required to face the new climate world we have created for ourselves. Drawdown is highly recommended for those looking for hope that we will be able to face the challenges of the 21st century.