The wave climate of Liverpool Bay—observations and modelling
The wave climate of Liverpool Bay—observations and modelling
复制标题
利物浦湾的波浪气候——观测和建模
DOI：
10.1007/s10236-011-0376-9
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
M. J. Howarth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Wolf;Jennifer M. Brown;M. J. Howarth
定向波测量已在利物浦湾的波浮标和声学仪器的足迹内的相控阵高频（HF）雷达系统，测量电流和波浪。现在已经收集了几年的数据，并补充了11年的波浪模型后报。波参数已从各种仪器和比较：定向乘波浮标被用来提供地面真相，确认从ADCP获得的良好的观测;高频雷达波数据有一个正的偏差，而模型数据有一个负的偏差。研究了从季节、年际到年代际的不同时间尺度上的波动气候变化。在这一浅水高潮差区域可能发生显著的波流相互作用，测量结果为水动力-波浪耦合模型提供了良好的检验。这些波主要是有限的：最大的事件是由于低气压，它从西南部穿过英国，在右后象限产生西风和西北偏西风。因此，未来的极端波浪事件将与未来的北大西洋风暴路径密切相关。50年重现期波高的预测在不同的仪器和模型数据集之间存在差异。预计利物浦湾未来的波浪气候与目前相比不会有太大变化;尽管预计最极端事件的严重程度略有增加，但极端风浪事件的频率总体上略有降低。有证据表明，十年时间尺度上的变化，与北大西洋涛动的一些相关性。
Directional wave measurements have been made in Liverpool Bay by means of wave buoys and acoustic instruments within the footprint of a phased-array high frequency (HF) radar system, which measures currents and waves. Several years of data have now been collected and are supplemented by an 11-year wave model hindcast. Wave parameters have been derived from the various instruments and compared: the directional waverider buoy is taken to provide the ground truth, confirming the good observations obtained from the ADCP; the HF radar wave data have a positive bias, while the model data have a negative bias. The variation of wave climate over various time-scales from seasonal and inter-annual to inter-decadal is examined. Significant wave–current interactions may occur in this area of shallow water and high tidal range and the measurements provide a good test of coupled hydrodynamic-wave models. The waves are mainly fetch-limited: largest events are due to depressions, which track across the UK from SW, generating westerly and WNW winds in the right rear quadrant. Hence, the future extreme wave events will be closely related to future North Atlantic storm tracks. Projections of 50-year return period wave heights differ between different instruments and model datasets. The future wave climate of Liverpool Bay is not expected to change much from the present day; although a slight increase in the severity of the most extreme events is projected, the frequency of extreme wind and wave events in general is slightly reduced. There is evidence for variability on decadal time-scales, with some correlation with the North Atlantic oscillation.
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Jennifer M. Brown
通讯作者：
Jennifer M. Brown