Air pollution and mortality in Valencia, Spain: A study using the APHEA methodology
Air pollution and mortality in Valencia, Spain: A study using the APHEA methodology
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DOI：
10.1136/jech.50.5.527
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发表时间：
1996-10-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Hervas, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ballester, F;Corella, D;Hervas, A
研究目的-要评估的短期关系，每天的空气污染指标（黑烟和二氧化硫（SO2））和死亡率在瓦伦西亚。设计-这是一个生态研究，使用时间序列数据与应用泊松回归。四个选定结果变量的每日变化（总死亡率、70岁以上死亡率、心血管和呼吸道死亡率）与1991- 93年期间空气污染水平的日变化相关。背景-西班牙瓦伦西亚市。主要结果-平均日死亡率为17.5，而研究所包括的三个监测站的空气污染物每日平均水平分别为：黑烟每立方米六十七点七微克，二氧化硫每立方米三十九点九微克。研究发现，黑烟与四种结果中的三种有显著的正相关，在整个研究期间，每日平均黑烟增加10 μ g/m3，死亡的相对危险度（RR）估计为1.009（95%置信区间（95%CI）：1.003，1.015）。对于70岁以上组的死亡率和心血管死亡率，RR分别为1.008（95% CI：1.001，1.016）和1.012（95% CI：1.003，1.022）。与SO的关联不太清楚：它只在温暖的季节很明显。该病例中总死亡率的估计RR为1.007（95% CI：0.999，1.015），70岁以上患者的总死亡率为1.009（95% CI：1.00，1.21），心血管死亡为1.012（95% CI：0.995，1.026）。没有显着的关联被发现之间的死亡率从呼吸系统疾病和两种pollutes.Conclusions -空气污染和死亡率之间的正相关关系被发现在短期内，已被证明在其他地方进行的研究的重要数量。虽然目前瓦伦西亚的颗粒空气污染水平并不高，但它们可能会对过早死亡的人数产生影响。尽管这种关联性很弱，但在公共卫生层面上却很重要，因为受影响的人口数量和制定控制措施的可能性。
Study objective - To assess the short term relationship between daily air pollution indicators (black smoke and sulphur dioxide (SO2)) and mortality in Valencia.Design - This was an ecological study using time series data with application of Poisson regression. Daily variations in four selected outcome variables (total mortality, mortality in those over 70 years of age, and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality) were considered in relation to daily variations in air pollution levels for the period 1991-93.Setting - The city of Valencia, Spain.Main results - The mean daily mortality was 17.5, and the average daily levels of air pollutants from the three monitoring stations included in the study were, 67.7 mu g/m(3) for black smoke, and 39.9 mu g/m(3) for SO2. A significant positive association between black smoke and three of the four outcomes in the study was found. The estimated relative risk (RR) of dying corresponding to a 10 mu g/m(3) increase in mean daily black smoke over the whole period was 1.009 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.003, 1.015). For mortality in the group aged more than 70 years and for cardiovascular mortality, the RRs were 1.008 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.016) and 1.012 (95% CI: 1.003, 1.022) respectively. The association with SO, was less clear: it was only evident during the warm season. The estimated RRs in this case were 1.007 (95% CI: 0.999, 1.015) for total mortality, 1.009 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.21) for total mortality in those older than 70, and 1.012 (95% CI: 0.995, 1.026) for cardiovascular deaths. No significant association was found between mortality from respiratory diseases and either of the two pollutants.Conclusions - A positive relationship between air pollution and mortality was found in the short term, as has been shown in an important number of studies carried out elsewhere. Although the current levels of particulate air pollution in Valencia are not very high, they could have an effect on the number of premature deaths. Despite the fact that the association is weak, it is important at the public health level both because of the numbers of population exposed and the possibility of establishing control measures.