Recent insights into the morphological diversity in the amniote primary and secondary palates.
Recent insights into the morphological diversity in the amniote primary and secondary palates.
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DOI：
10.1002/dvdy.24338
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发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Richman JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abramyan J;Richman JM
上颚的组装是古龙类胚胎发育的关键时刻。上颌由上颌、内侧鼻和外侧鼻的融合形成，形成完整的上唇/喙和鼻腔;一起称为主腭。这个融合过程需要适当的面部突出形状和定位的平衡，以避免颅面裂，同时仍然适应成年人的巨大表型多样性。因此，颅面个体发育的变化是不能容忍超过一定的界限。为了清楚起见，我们讨论的主要腭成两类，根据鼻腔和口腔是否保持连接在整个个体发育或没有。这些腔的短暂分离发生在哺乳动物和鳄鱼中，而在鸟类、海龟和有鳞动物中保持连接。在后一组中，颅面神经融合在一个连接鼻腔和口腔的持久的后鼻孔沟周围。随后，除了海龟之外的所有谱系都发展出一个次级腭，最终完全或部分地将口腔和鼻腔分开。在这里，我们回顾了共享的，早期的发展事件，并强调在初级和次级腭形成的发展分歧点。
The assembly of the upper jaw is a pivotal moment in the embryonic development of amniotes. The upper jaw forms from the fusion of the maxillary, medial nasal, and lateral nasal prominences, resulting in an intact upper lip/beak and nasal cavities; together called the primary palate. This process of fusion requires a balance of proper facial prominence shape and positioning to avoid craniofacial clefting, whilst still accommodating the vast phenotypic diversity of adult amniotes. As such, variation in craniofacial ontogeny is not tolerated beyond certain bounds. For clarity, we discuss primary palatogenesis of amniotes into in two categories, according to whether the nasal and oral cavities remain connected throughout ontogeny or not. The transient separation of these cavities occurs in mammals and crocodilians, while remaining connected in birds, turtles and squamates. In the latter group, the craniofacial prominences fuse around a persistent choanal groove that connects the nasal and oral cavities. Subsequently, all lineages except for turtles, develop a secondary palate that ultimately completely or partially separates oral and nasal cavities. Here, we review the shared, early developmental events and highlight the points at which development diverges in both primary and secondary palate formation.