The Strongest Negative Lightning Strokes in Winter Thunderstorms in Japan
The Strongest Negative Lightning Strokes in Winter Thunderstorms in Japan
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DOI：
10.1029/2021gl095525
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Ting Wu;Daohong Wang;Haitao Huang;N. Takagi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ting Wu;Daohong Wang;Haitao Huang;N. Takagi
日本的冬季雷暴以频繁产生能量正的云对地闪电而闻名。相比之下，冬季雷暴中强烈的负CG闪光或负回击在很大程度上是未知的。在本研究中，我们发现日本冬季雷暴中峰值电流大于150kA(绝对值)的负回击大多产生不同于正常回击的电场变化波形。由于其不寻常的波形，这些最强烈的负击没有被闪电研究界识别为回击。我们进一步证明，在这些强烈的负回击之前，有一个持续时间短、峰电流强的快速向下的负先导。我们认为，快速而强大的负向下先导可能与向下的地面伽马射线闪电有关。我们还提出了证据，证明这些强烈的负面撞击很可能是从太空中观察到的“超级闪电”。
Winter thunderstorms in Japan are well known for the frequent production of energetic positive cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lightning flashes. By contrast, strong negative CG flashes or negative return strokes in winter thunderstorms are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that negative return strokes with peak currents larger than 150 kA (absolute value) in winter thunderstorms in Japan mostly produce electric field change waveforms that are different from those of normal return strokes. Due to their unusual waveforms, these strongest negative strokes have not been recognized as return strokes by the lightning research community. We further demonstrate that these strong negative return strokes are preceded by a fast downward negative leader with a short duration and strong peak current. We suggest that the fast and powerful downward negative leader may be associated with downward terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes. We also present evidence that these strong negative strokes are likely “superbolts” observed from space.